“…Among the alkylamides, spilanthol ((E, E, Z)-2,6,8-decatrienoic acid N-isobutylamide) is considered to be the most potent bioactive compound found in A. oleracea. First identified by Gerber in 1903 as identical to affinin 1, spilanthol has been mostly found in Acmella flowers, leaves, and stems [4,7,8,[12][13][14][15][16], but also in roots [17,18], and its accumulation in in vitro cell cultures has been documented [2,3]. Due to its pharmacological importance, based on a series of effects typical of alkylamides, such as analgesic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-larvicidal, and insecticidal activities [19], many protocols for spilanthol production and extraction have been developed (see [19] for a review; [20]).…”