Distinct mechanisms of chlorophyll-a blooms occur in the Northern Maluku Sea and Sulu Sill revealed by satellite data

Munandar, Bayu; Wirasatriya, Anindya; Sugianto, Denny Nugroho; Susanto, R. Dwi; Purwandana, Adi; Kunarso,

doi:10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2023.101360

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…All the correlation coefficients are significant at the 95% confidence level. where the tidal mixing, discharge from rainfall, and wind stress curl at the lee side of islands introduced water masses different from the surroundings (Hu and Sprintall 2017); thus, fronts were scattered and widely distributed in the Indonesian Seas (Munandar et al 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Fronts and Their Impact on Chlorophyll-a in the Indonesian Seas

Zhang,

Yu,

Gao

et al. 2023

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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The spatiotemporal variability of oceanic fronts in the Indonesian seas was investigated using high-resolution satellite observations. The study aimed to understand the underlying mechanism driving these fronts and their impact on chlorophyll-a variability. A high value of frontal probability was found near the coasts of major islands, exhibiting a distinct seasonal cycle with peaks occurrences during austral winter. The distribution variability of chlorophyll-a was generally consistent with the presence of active frontal zones, although a significantly positive relationship between fronts and chlorophyll-a was limited to only some specific areas, e.g., south Java Island and the Celebes Sea. Wind-driven upwelling played a major role in front generation in the Java upwelling region and enhanced frontal activity can promote the growth of phytoplankton, leading to higher chlorophyll-a. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that wind patterns preceded variations in front probability and chlorophyll-a by approximately two months. This lag suggests that the spatiotemporal variability of fronts and chlorophyll-a in this region is primarily influenced by the monsoon system. In addition, the sea surface temperature (SST) simultaneously modulated the chlorophyll-a variability. Negative SST anomalies were typically associated with positive anomalies in front probability the chlorophyll-a in most areas. Notably, the interannual variability of fronts and chlorophyll-a are prominent in the Java upwelling region. During El Niño years, this region experienced an enhanced monsoon, resulting in a negative SST anomaly alongside positive anomalies in front probability and chlorophyll-a. A comprehensive description and underlying dynamics of frontal activity in the Indonesian seas are provided by this study. The findings are helpful to delineate the variability in chlorophyll-a, thereby facilitating the future understanding of local primary production and the carbon cycle. Significance Statement As typical mesoscale processes, oceanic fronts have significant impacts on biological processes and fisheries in marginal seas. The complex spatiotemporal variability of fronts and their effects on biological processes in the Indonesian seas remain poorly understood. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating the seasonal and interannual variability of fronts and their influence on chlorophyll-a, a key indicator of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity. The study identified a high frontal probability in south Java Island during austral winter and El Niño years. Wind-driven upwelling was found to be a major factor in front generation and promoting phytoplankton growth. The findings of this study will improve the theoretical knowledge of regional dynamics, local primary production, and the carbon cycle in the Indonesian seas, benefiting fisheries management and ecosystem conservation efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Fronts and Their Impact on Chlorophyll-a in the Indonesian Seas

Zhang,

Yu,

Gao

et al. 2023

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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“…By analyzing spectral data, tidal mixing is an important mechanism for the production of chlorophyll a in Sulu Sea. Sulu Sea's shallow-water bathymetry contributes to tidal mixing, effectively transporting nutrients from the near-bottom to the surface, thus increasing chlorophyll a concentration [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of chlorophyll in water based on Y-type fiber

Che,

Huang,

dong

et al. 2024

Sixth Conference on Frontiers in Optical Imaging and Technology: Novel Detector Technologies

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In this paper, a novel chlorophyll measurement system based on Y-type fiber is designed, and the chlorophyll value is obtained according to the intensity ratio of laser fluorescence-Raman signal produced by laser incident into water. In the system, a 405nm semiconductor laser is used as the light source. The laser is coupled into the delivering port of Y-type fiber and then transmitted into water. The generated scattered light, water Raman light and corresponding fluorescence are received and transmitted into spectrometer through the detecting port of Y-type fiber, and the chlorophyll can be obtained by analyzing the laser fluorescence-Raman ratio of water spectra. In experiment, we detect the chlorophyll standard solutions under a range of concentrations, and establish the correlation between chlorophyll concentration and fluorescence-Raman ratio (r2=0.98). In addition, the chlorophyll of natural water sample is measured with laser spectroscopy, the results of which are consistent with chlorophyll values obtained by traditional spectrophotometry. The experimental results prove that the chlorophyll detection method proposed in this paper has the advantages of high sensitivity, high precision, high detection speed and simplicity, which can be widely used in various water areas for real-time chlorophyll detection.

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“…In contrast, the northern and middle regions have fewer islands and deeper bathymetry (Raitsos et al, 2013). It can cause variations in oceanographic and meteorological variability (Munandar et al, 2023;Figa-Saldaña et al, 2002). This feature makes the Red Sea an essential region for many marine species, some of which are endemic (Belkin, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased precipitation triggers a rise in nutrient supply (𝑁𝑂 3 − ), which plays an essential role in the increase of Chl-a in coastal waters (Baker et al, 2007;Maslukah et al, 2019). Meanwhile, the variability of chlorophyll-a in offshore areas is more dominated by upwelling, downwelling, and vertical mixing caused by wind speed variability (Munandar et al, 2023;Wirasatriya et al, 2019;Siswanto et al, 2020;DeCarlo et al, 2021). The mechanisms of upwelling, downwelling, and vertical mixing can be triggered by ekman transport, ekman pumping, cyclonic and anticyclonic eddy, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Chlorophyll-a Variability in Red Sea Using Satellite-Based Meteorology and Oceanography Data

PRABUWONO,

KUNARSO,

WIRASATRIYA

et al. 2023

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The Red Sea has a special geographical feature because it is situated in the tropical and subtropical zones. The uniqueness of the Red Sea makes a variability of oceanography data (Chlorophyll-a (Chla), current, Salinity, etc.) and meteorological data (Precipitation, Wind Speed, etc.). However, investigations of differences interaction of oceanography and meteorology are less studied in of the Red Sea. Satellites and modeling make it possible to observe oceanographic and meteorological data over a long period of time. This study first demonstrates that there are three major areas along the Red Sea that represent the different Chl-a concentrations during the rainy season. The month of July has the highest Chl-a concentration in the south (1.3 mg/m 3 ) and the lowest Chl-a concentration in the north (0.18 mg/m 3 ). The southern part of the Red Sea has a different generation mechanism from the northern part of the Red Sea in terms of increasing and decreasing Chl-a concentrations. The existence of surface runoff in this area may result in the supply of anthropogenic organic compounds and fresh water to coastal waters. This may increase the supply of nutrients at the peak of the rainy season, and finally increase the concentration of Chl-a in the southern part. In the middle part, the variability of Chl-a is mainly affected by wind speed. Meanwhile, the high salinity in the northern part may limit the growth of phytoplankton and keep the Chl-a concentration low.

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Distinct mechanisms of chlorophyll-a blooms occur in the Northern Maluku Sea and Sulu Sill revealed by satellite data

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Fronts and Their Impact on Chlorophyll-a in the Indonesian Seas

Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Fronts and Their Impact on Chlorophyll-a in the Indonesian Seas

Measurement of chlorophyll in water based on Y-type fiber

Investigation of Chlorophyll-a Variability in Red Sea Using Satellite-Based Meteorology and Oceanography Data

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