Distinct Latent Profiles of Working Memory and Processing Speed in Adults with ADHD

Leib, Sophie I.; Keezer, Richard D; Cerny, Brian M.; Holbrook, Lindsey R.; Gallagher, Virginia T.; Jennette, Kyle J; Ovsiew, Gabriel P.; Soble, Jason R.

doi:10.1080/87565641.2021.1999454

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Conversely, the presence of relative cognitive deficits in ADHD versus healthy controls has been well-established and often include heterogenous impairments in attention, working memory, executive functioning, and processing speed (e.g., Alderson et al, 2013; Hervey et al, 2004; Leib et al, 2021; Mostert et al, 2015; Pievsky & McGrath, 2018; Willcutt et al, 2005). The current study, however, did not reveal significant between-group differences on cognitive performance for patients with and without ADHD, regardless of CDS status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Performance and Psychiatric Self-Reports Across Adult Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and ADHD Diagnostic Groups

et al. 2022

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Objective: Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is characterized by inattention, under-arousal, and fatigue and frequently co-occurs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although CDS is associated with cognitive complaints, its association with objective cognitive performance is less well understood. Method: This study investigated neuropsychological correlates of CDS symptoms among 169 adults ( Mage = 29.4) referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation following inattention complaints. We evaluated cognitive and self-report differences across four high/low CDS and positive/negative ADHD groups, and cognitive and self-report correlates of CDS symptomology. Results: There were no differences in cognitive performance, significant differences in self-reported psychiatric symptoms (greater CDS symptomatology, impulsivity among the high CDS groups; greater inattention among the positive ADHD/high CDS groups; greater hyperactivity among the positive ADHD groups), significant intercorrelations within cognitive and self-report measures, nonsignificant correlations between cognitive measures and self-report measures. Conclusion: Findings support prior work demonstrating weak to null associations between ADHD and CDS symptoms and cognitive performance among adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current study, however, did not reveal significant between-group differences on cognitive performance for patients with and without ADHD, regardless of CDS status. ADHD is associated with inter-individual variability (e.g., Leib et al, 2021; Mostert et al, 2015) and, although relative deficits are common, they are not universal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Performance and Psychiatric Self-Reports Across Adult Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and ADHD Diagnostic Groups

et al. 2022

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“…Changes in PS are associated with ADHD (Leib et al, 2021) and, more specifically, inattention (Adalio et al, 2018;Kibby et al, 2019). PS is usually assessed by measuring an individual's reaction time (RT) to simple stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a virtual reality based intervention on processing speed and working memory in individuals with ADHD—A pilot-study

Cunha

Campos

Simões-Silva

et al. 2023

Front. Virtual Real.

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Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a virtual reality based intervention in processing speed and working memory in students with ADHD symptomatology.Methods: A randomized experimental study was conducted, with a sample consisting of 25 adult participants recruited from the Escola Superior de Saúde do Politécnico do Porto. The participants were allocated into two groups: a passive control group and an intervention group that completed 10 sessions using virtual reality-based games from the Enhance VR app. The intervention included 6 games: Whack-a-mole, Shuffled, Assembly, React, Memory Wall, and Maestro. The participants underwent pre- and post-intervention evaluations using the Southwestern Assessment of Processing Speed (SWAPS) and the Sequence of Letters and Numbers and Spatial Location of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - 3rd Edition - WAIS-III. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample and a mixed ANOVA was used to test the effectiveness of the intervention.Results: There was an improvement in the results of processing speed in the group exposed to the intervention (p < 0.001) and the value of the interaction between intervention and time was also significant (p = 0.004). There were no statistically significant differences between the participants’ working memory in the different variables under study, except for the values of the Spatial location test in the experimental group that improved relative to the initial assessment (p = 0.034).Discussion: A virtual reality cognitive training intervention resulted in improvements in the processing speed measures, which were not found in the control group. Although we cannot make the same conclusions regarding working memory, these results suggest that the VR intervention resulted in progress in the experimental group, possibly influenced by the intervention, which should be verified in future studies with longer interventions.

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Latent structure of working memory and emotion regulation in pediatric ADHD

Leib

Miller

Chin

2022

Child Neuropsychology

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Distinct Latent Profiles of Working Memory and Processing Speed in Adults with ADHD

Cited by 7 publications

References 69 publications

Cognitive Performance and Psychiatric Self-Reports Across Adult Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and ADHD Diagnostic Groups

Cognitive Performance and Psychiatric Self-Reports Across Adult Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and ADHD Diagnostic Groups

The effect of a virtual reality based intervention on processing speed and working memory in individuals with ADHD—A pilot-study

Latent structure of working memory and emotion regulation in pediatric ADHD

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