Distinct ipRGC subpopulations mediate light's acute and circadian effects on body temperature and sleep

Rupp, Alan C.; Ren, Michelle; Altimus, Cara M.; Fernandez, Diego C.; Richardson, Melissa; Turek, Fred W.; Hattar, Samer; Schmidt, Tiffany M.

doi:10.1101/496323

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (ipRGCs) are a small population of RGCs that express melanopsin and project to unique targets in the brain that modulate a broad range of non-image forming visual behaviors (Altimus et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2011;Ecker et al, 2010;Hattar et al, 2006;LeGates et al, 2013;Lupi et al, 2008;Rupp et al, 2019). There is still, however, little information about how or if conventional RGCs (non-ipRGCs) can influence subconscious visual behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The projections of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs to retinorecipient brain nuclei

Beier

Zhang

Yurgel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina, allow us to perceive our visual environment. RGCs respond to rod/cone input through the retinal circuitry, however, a small population of RGCs are in addition intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs) and project to unique 1 0 targets in the brain to modulate a broad range of subconscious visual behaviors such as pupil constriction and circadian photoentrainment. Despite the discovery of ipRGCs nearly two decades ago, there is still little information about how or if conventional RGCs (non-ipRGCs) target ipRGC-recipient nuclei to influence subconscious visual behavior. Using a dual recombinase color strategy, we showed that conventional RGCs innervate many subconscious ipRGC-recipient nuclei, apart from the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We revealed previously unrecognized stratification patterns of retinal innervation from ipRGCs and conventional RGCs in the ventral portion of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Further, we found that the percent innervation of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs across ipsi-and contralateral nuclei differ. Our data provide a blueprint to understand how conventional RGCs and ipRGCs innervate different 2 0 brain regions to influence subconscious visual behaviors. 3 0 forming visual behaviors (Altimus et al., information about how or if conventional RGCs (non-ipRGCs) can influence subconscious visual behaviors. To address this knowledge gap, we must first delineate whether conventional RGCs innervate non-image forming nuclei.To determine if conventional RGCs innervate non-image forming nuclei (Ecker et al., 2010; Hattar et al., 2002 Hattar et al., , 2006 Li and Schmidt, 2018; Morin and Studholme, 2014), we utilized a dual recombinase two color strategy to delineate, in the same animal, how ipRGCs and conventional RGCs converge and diverge in ipRGC-recipient brain regions. We found that the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is exclusively innervated by ipRGCs, as was previously 4 0 implicated (Hattar et al., 2006). However, the SCN was the exception to the rule, as most ipRGC-recipient areas received substantial projections from conventional RGCs. The dual color strategy allowed us to differentiate areas where conventional RGCs and ipRGCs converge and intermingle, from brain regions where they form completely distinct subdivisions. Specifically, we found that conventional RGCs and ipRGCs innervate distinct subdivisions of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN). As we found in the SCN, the vLGN core region receives exclusive ipRGC input. Furthermore, we found differences in the percent innervation between the ipsi-and contralateral patterns of conventional RGCs and ipRGCs. Our results provide a basis for understanding how ipRGCs and conventional RGC modulate non-image forming behaviors for normal function. 5 0

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The projections of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs to retinorecipient brain nuclei

Beier

Zhang

Yurgel

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Humans differ from mice in that we are a diurnal species, and the metabolic interaction between OPN3 and human circadian clock remains an open question. Even so, it is very likely that the activity of OPN3 in the light-dependent regulation of metabolic pathways and body temperature will be tightly integrated with OPN4dependent circadian and ocular photic input pathways that also regulate this physiology (Rupp et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Thermogenesis in Mice Is Enhanced by Opsin 3-Dependent Adipocyte Light Sensing

et al. 2020

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“…Finally, distinct subtypes of ipRGCs (that are Brn3b-positive) have also been demonstrated to convey the acute response-but not circadian entrainment-of sleep and body temperature to light exposure. These subtypes do not directly target the SCN (Rupp et al 2019) and thus highlight an additional layer of complexity to consider when interrogating neural mechanisms that underlie light-mediated circadian behavior and physiology.…”

Section: Circadian Neurocircuitry Regulating Appetite Sleep and Enementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenetic basis for circadian regulation of metabolism by the hypothalamus

2019

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Circadian rhythms are driven by a transcription-translation feedback loop that separates anabolic and catabolic processes across the Earth's 24-h light-dark cycle. Central pacemaker neurons that perceive light entrain a distributed clock network and are closely juxtaposed with hypothalamic neurons involved in regulation of sleep/wake and fast/feeding states. Gaps remain in identifying how pacemaker and extrapacemaker neurons communicate with energy-sensing neurons and the distinct role of circuit interactions versus transcriptionally driven cellautonomous clocks in the timing of organismal bioenergetics. In this review, we discuss the reciprocal relationship through which the central clock drives appetitive behavior and metabolic homeostasis and the pathways through which nutrient state and sleep/wake behavior affect central clock function. Molecular dynamics of the circadian clock[

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Distinct ipRGC subpopulations mediate light's acute and circadian effects on body temperature and sleep

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

The projections of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs to retinorecipient brain nuclei

The projections of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs to retinorecipient brain nuclei

Adaptive Thermogenesis in Mice Is Enhanced by Opsin 3-Dependent Adipocyte Light Sensing

Neurogenetic basis for circadian regulation of metabolism by the hypothalamus

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