Distinct invasion strategies operating within a natural annual plant system

Lai, Hao Ran; Mayfield, Margaret M.; Gay-Des-Combes, Justine; Spiegelberger, Thomas; Dwyer, John M.

doi:10.1111/ele.12414

Cited by 56 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Negative correlations of most native and exotic species with A. fatua and B. diandrus are consistent with an interpretation of competition. Competition is further supported by the tall stature of A. fatua and B. diandrus (Lai et al., ), the thick grass litter that these species generate (Dwyer, Hobbs, Wainwright, & Mayfield, ), and previous case studies that have implicated annual grasses in out‐competing other plant species (Gooden & French, ; Lai et al., ). Although competition is the most likely explanation, a direct toxic effect of P (Lambers et al., ), or interactions with diseases (Borer, Seabloom, Mitchell, et al., ), cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Billions of dollars are spent each year to manage the impacts of invasive plants, but the problem is getting worse as commerce expands (Hulme et al., ), as more invasive varieties are developed and released (Driscoll et al., ) and as environmental degradation worsens, favouring invasion (Butchart et al., ). Nutrient enrichment through nitrogen pollution (Bobbink et al., ) or agricultural fertilizers (Tilman et al., ) is often associated with invasion by exotic plants and high impacts on native plants (Borer, Seabloom, Mitchell, & Cronin, ; Dorrough, Moxham, Turner, & Sutter, ; Lai, Mayfield, Gay‐des‐combes, Spiegelberger, & Dwyer, ; Prober, Stol, Piper, Gupta, & Cunningham, ; Prober & Wiehl, ; Tognetti & Chaneton, ; Wassen, Venterink, Lapshina, & Tanneberger, ). However, the importance of different nutrients (Prober et al., ) and the factors that modify their effects, such as spatial scale and grazing (MacDougall et al., ), remain areas of active research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Covariation of soil nutrients drives occurrence of exotic and native plant species

Driscoll

Strong

2017

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Nutrient enrichment with phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) threatens biodiversity globally, particularly because it drives invasion by exotic plant species. However, the effects of nutrients on plants can interact with other ecosystem processes such as competition and grazing, and these interactions can be scale‐dependent. Furthermore, P and N are often correlated, making it difficult to separate the effects of each. After implementing a herbivore‐exclusion experiment for 3 years in grassy woodlands, SE Australia, we assessed the relationship of native and exotic plant species with soil nutrients, grazing and spatial scale. Nitrate (NO3), available P and organic carbon (C) were partitioned into two principle components and further divided into plot‐ and site‐level variation. The correlated components of NO3, P and C (principle component 1) appeared to drive a dominant competitive relationship. Two exotic annual grasses likely out‐competed native and exotic species in areas high in NO3, P and C. In contrast, responses to principle component 2 (gradient from high NO3 to high P) indicated that native and exotic species generally benefitted when NO3 was high relative to P. Plant–nutrient relationships were further modified by grazing and spatial scale. Native and exotic species benefitted from grazing but did so under specific nutrient regimes. Summed occurrence of exotic species and native richness was reduced in the absence of grazing and high values of NO3 relative to P at site scales, but not at plot scales, suggesting competition is more important at a scale of hundreds of square metres while soil properties are most important at the plot scale (25 m2). Synthesis and applications. Dividing soil nutrients into uncorrelated principal components showed that niche space for native and exotic plant species is partitioned by positive and negative covariation of nitrate (NO3), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C), and interactions of these soil properties with grazing and spatial scale. Increasing NO3 relative to P could increase species richness, but requires further experimentation to define beneficial concentrations. Native plant richness can be enhanced with adequate levels of grazing by native herbivores and, in the long term, by reducing P from areas enriched with NO3 and P. These actions will help prevent likely competitive dominance by annual exotic grasses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covariation of soil nutrients drives occurrence of exotic and native plant species

Driscoll

Strong

2017

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…2015). We found that nonvascular diversity was negatively related to soil acidity, moisture, soil temperature, and ALT when considering several soil variables simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects between plant functional types and soil factors on tundra species diversity and community composition

Iturrate-García

O’Brien

Khitun³

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Plant communities are coupled with abiotic factors, as species diversity and community composition both respond to and influence climate and soil characteristics. Interactions between vegetation and abiotic factors depend on plant functional types (PFT) as different growth forms will have differential responses to and effects on site characteristics. However, despite the importance of different PFT for community assembly and ecosystem functioning, research has mainly focused on vascular plants. Here, we established a set of observational plots in two contrasting habitats in northeastern Siberia in order to assess the relationship between species diversity and community composition with soil variables, as well as the relationship between vegetation cover and species diversity for two PFT (nonvascular and vascular). We found that nonvascular species diversity decreased with soil acidity and moisture and, to a lesser extent, with soil temperature and active layer thickness. In contrast, no such correlation was found for vascular species diversity. Differences in community composition were found mainly along soil acidity and moisture gradients. However, the proportion of variation in composition explained by the measured soil variables was much lower for nonvascular than for vascular species when considering the PFT separately. We also found different relationships between vegetation cover and species diversity according the PFT and habitat. In support of niche differentiation theory, species diversity and community composition were related to edaphic factors. The distinct relationships found for nonvascular and vascular species suggest the importance of considering multiple PFT when assessing species diversity and composition and their interaction with edaphic factors. Synthesis: Identifying vegetation responses to edaphic factors is a first step toward a better understanding of vegetation–soil feedbacks under climate change. Our results suggest that incorporating differential responses of PFT is important for predicting vegetation shifts, primary productivity, and in turn, ecosystem functioning in a changing climate.

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“…Evidence from single-site studies suggests that variation in the prevailing environmental conditions affects the abundance of non-native and native species in response to nutrient addition [10,14,15,28]. In nutrient-limited plant communities, for example, higher water availability is not sufficient to enhance exotic species success [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate modifies response of non-native and native species richness to nutrient enrichment

Flores‐Moreno

Reich

Lind

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in dynamic landscapes'. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia Ecosystem eutrophication often increases domination by non-natives and causes displacement of native taxa. However, variation in environmental conditions may affect the outcome of interactions between native and non-native taxa in environments where nutrient supply is elevated. We examined the interactive effects of eutrophication, climate variability and climate average conditions on the success of native and non-native plant species using experimental nutrient manipulations replicated at 32 grassland sites on four continents. We hypothesized that effects of nutrient addition would be greatest where climate was stable and benign, owing to reduced niche partitioning. We found that the abundance of non-native species increased with nutrient addition independent of climate; however, nutrient addition increased nonnative species richness and decreased native species richness, with these effects & 2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.on May 12, 2018 http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Downloaded from dampened in warmer or wetter sites. Eutrophication also altered the time scale in which grassland invasion responded to climate, decreasing the importance of long-term climate and increasing that of annual climate. Thus, climatic conditions mediate the responses of native and non-native flora to nutrient enrichment. Our results suggest that the negative effect of nutrient addition on native abundance is decoupled from its effect on richness, and reduces the time scale of the links between climate and compositional change.

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Distinct invasion strategies operating within a natural annual plant system

Cited by 56 publications

References 45 publications

Covariation of soil nutrients drives occurrence of exotic and native plant species

Covariation of soil nutrients drives occurrence of exotic and native plant species

Interactive effects between plant functional types and soil factors on tundra species diversity and community composition

Climate modifies response of non-native and native species richness to nutrient enrichment

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