Distinct functions of tissue-resident and circulating memory Th2 cells in allergic airway disease

Rahimi, Rod A.; Nepal, Keshav; Çetinbaş, Murat; Sadreyev, Ruslan I.; Luster, Andrew D.

doi:10.1084/jem.20190865

Cited by 83 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…CD4 + T RM cells were reported to play a role against skin infection with L. major ( 13 ) and C. albicans ( 12 ). Recently, resident memory Th2 cells in the lung exhibit a distinct CD4 population and play a critical role in an allergic asthma murine model ( 19 ). Furthermore, in experimental colitis, CD4 + T RM cells play a crucial role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation, and they were found in the colon of inflammatory bowel disease patients ( 16 ).…”

Section: Identification and Definition Of Skin T Rm mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Skin Resident Memory T Cells

et al. 2021

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Tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells reside in peripheral, non-lymphoid tissues such as the skin, where they act as alarm-sensor cells or cytotoxic cells. Physiologically, skin TRM cells persist for a long term and can be reactivated upon reinfection with the same antigen, thus serving as peripheral sentinels in the immune surveillance network. CD8+CD69+CD103+ TRM cells are the well-characterized subtype that develops in the epidermis. The local mediators such as interleukin (IL)-15 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are required for the formation of long-lived TRM cell population in skin. Skin TRM cells engage virus-infected cells, proliferate in situ in response to local antigens and do not migrate out of the epidermis. Secondary TRM cell populations are derived from pre-existing TRM cells and newly recruited TRM precursors from the circulation. In addition to microbial pathogens, topical application of chemical allergen to skin causes delayed-type hypersensitivity and amplifies the number of antigen-specific CD8+ TRM cells at challenged site. Skin TRM cells are also involved in the pathological conditions, including vitiligo, psoriasis, fixed drug eruption and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The functions of these TRM cells seem to be different, depending on each pathology. Psoriasis plaques are seen in a recurrent manner especially at the originally affected sites. Upon stimulation of the skin of psoriasis patients, the CD8+CD103+CD49a- TRM cells in the epidermis seem to be reactivated and initiate IL-17A production. Meanwhile, autoreactive CD8+CD103+CD49a+ TRM cells secreting interferon-γ are present in lesional vitiligo skin. Fixed drug eruption is another disease where skin TRM cells evoke its characteristic clinical appearance upon administration of a causative drug. Intraepidermal CD8+ TRM cells with an effector-memory phenotype resident in the skin lesions of fixed drug eruption play a major contributing role in the development of localized tissue damage. CTCL develops primarily in the skin by a clonal expansion of a transformed TRM cells. CD8+ CTCL with the pagetoid epidermotropic histology is considered to originate from epidermal CD8+ TRM cells. This review will discuss the current understanding of skin TRM biology and their contribution to skin homeostasis and diseases.

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Section: Identification and Definition Of Skin T Rm mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Skin Resident Memory T Cells

et al. 2021

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“…Immune system cells migrate to the lungs and display their functional properties to develop asthma. 59 It was demonstrated that Th17 and IL13 + IL17 + Th2/Th17 cells, thus effectively inhibiting AHR in an allergic mouse model upon retreatment with the allergen. 62 Lu et al reported high ILC2 levels in type 2 asthmatics, while non-type 2 asthmatics showed higher levels of Th17 cells and an inversed Th1/ Th17 ratio.…”

Section: Molecul Ar Mechanis Ms In the De Velopment Of A S Thmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immune system cells migrate to the lungs and display their functional properties to develop asthma 59 . It was demonstrated that Th2‐resident memory T cells and circulating memory Th2 traffic into the lung parenchyma and initiate a perivascular inflammation to promote eosinophil and CD4 + T‐cell recruitment.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms In the Development Of Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances and recent developments in asthma in 2020

Cevhertas

Öğülür

Maurer

et al. 2020

Allergy

117

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In this review, we discuss recent publications on asthma and review the studies that have reported on the different aspects of the prevalence, risk factors and prevention, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of asthma. Many risk and protective factors and molecular mechanisms are involved in the development of asthma. Emerging concepts and challenges in implementing the exposome paradigm and its application in allergic diseases and asthma are reviewed, including genetic and epigenetic factors, microbial dysbiosis, and environmental exposure, particularly to indoor and outdoor substances. The most relevant experimental studies further advancing the understanding of molecular and immune mechanisms with potential new targets for the development of therapeutics are discussed. A reliable diagnosis of asthma, disease endotyping, and monitoring its severity are of great importance in the management of asthma. Correct evaluation and management of asthma comorbidity/ multimorbidity, including interaction with asthma phenotypes and its value for the precision medicine approach and validation of predictive biomarkers, are further detailed. Novel approaches and strategies in asthma treatment linked to mechanisms and endotypes of asthma, particularly biologicals, are critically appraised. Finally, due to the recent pandemics and its impact on patient management, we discuss the challenges, relationships, and molecular mechanisms between asthma, allergies, SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19.

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“…Once re-exposed to allergen, T H 2-T RM cells robustly proliferate near airways, produce type 2 cytokines, enhance eosinophil activation, and promote peribronchial inflammation. They together with circulating memory T H 2 cells perform nonredundant function in the induction of asthma ( 66 , 67 ).…”

Section: Lung T Rm Cells In Pathologic Immune Respmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legend of the Sentinels: Development of Lung Resident Memory T Cells and Their Roles in Diseases

Qian

Zhu

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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SARS-CoV-2 is wreaking havoc around the world. To get the world back on track, hundreds of vaccines are under development. A deeper understanding of how the immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 re-infection will certainly help. Studies have highlighted various aspects of T cell response in resolving acute infection and preventing re-infections. Lung resident memory T (TRM) cells are sentinels in the secondary immune response. They are mostly differentiated from effector T cells, construct specific niches and stay permanently in lung tissues. If the infection recurs, locally activated lung TRM cells can elicit rapid immune response against invading pathogens. In addition, they can significantly limit tumor growth or lead to pathologic immune responses. Vaccines targeting TRM cells are under development, with the hope to induce stable and highly reactive lung TRM cells through mucosal administration or “prime-and-pull” strategy. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in lung TRM cell generation and maintenance, explore their roles in different diseases and discuss how these cells may guide the development of future vaccines targeting infectious disease, cancer, and pathologic immune response.

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Distinct functions of tissue-resident and circulating memory Th2 cells in allergic airway disease

Cited by 83 publications

References 73 publications

Pathophysiology of Skin Resident Memory T Cells

Pathophysiology of Skin Resident Memory T Cells

Advances and recent developments in asthma in 2020

Legend of the Sentinels: Development of Lung Resident Memory T Cells and Their Roles in Diseases

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