Distinct functions of Rho and Rac are required for convergent extension during Xenopus gastrulation

Tahinci, Emilios; Symes, Karen

doi:10.1016/s0012-1606(03)00206-9

Cited by 155 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the previous finding that RhoA activation requires both the PDZ and DEP domains of Dsh, which can activate JNK in mammalian cell (Habas et al, 2001(Habas et al, , 2003. Moreover, a recent study revealed that RhoA and Rac1 are important in regulating protrusive polarity, protrusive activity, and lamellipodia formation during Xenopus CE movements (Tahinci and Symes, 2003). Taken together, we propose that RhoA, like Rac1, is essential for cell behavior in Xenopus CE movements and JNK activation by the DEP domain of Dsh in the Wnt/PCP pathway and that RhoA and Rac1 are regulated by Dsh in distinct manners in which RhoA is activated by both the PDZ and DEP domains of Dsh in the regulation of CE movements, whereas Rac1 is activated by only the DEP domain (Fig.…”

Section: Similarities and Differences Between Rhoa And Rac1 In The Resupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Recently, ROK has been shown to mediate cell polarity and motility through changes in cell shape during zebrafish gastrulation . Of interest, RhoA but not Rac1 also regulates cell shape and protrusion lifespan in Xenopus CE movements (Tahinci and Symes, 2003). These results suggest that ROK mediates the specific behavior in CE movement induced by RhoA.…”

Section: Rok␣ Regulates Xenopus Ce Movements By Means Of Rhoa But Nomentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore, the specific domains of Dsh (Wharton, 2003) required for PCP signaling in CE movements during vertebrate gastrulation (Djiane et al, 2000;Heisenberg et al, 2000;Medina et al, 2000;Tada and Smith, 2000;Wallingford et al, 2000) are identical to those required in Drosophila (Axelrod et al, 1998;Boutros et al, 1998;Boutros and Mlodzik, 1999). In addition, CE movements in both Xenopus and zebrafish are controlled by the core PCP genes, including RhoA/Rac1 (Habas et al, 2001(Habas et al, , 2003Tahinci and Symes, 2003), JNK (Yamanaka et al, 2002), Rho-associated kinase-2 (ROK2, Marlow et al, 2002), Strabismus (Stbm, Darken et al, 2002;Goto and Keller, 2002;Jessen et al, 2002;Park and Moon, 2002), and Prickle (Takeuchi et al, 2003;Veeman et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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JNK and ROKα function in the noncanonical Wnt/RhoA signaling pathway to regulate Xenopus convergent extension movements

Kim

Han

2005

Developmental Dynamics

105

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The Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway plays a critical role in wing, eye, and sensory bristle development of Drosophila and in convergent extension (CE) movements during vertebrate gastrulation. In Drosophila, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Rho-associated kinase (ROK) participate in RhoA-mediated PCP pathway during eye and wing development. In mammalian cells, Rac1 and Cdc42 but not RhoA are required for JNK activation by Wnt/PCP signals. However, there has been no evidence that Rho GTPases regulate JNK activation in Wnt/PCP pathway during Xenopus CE movements. Here, we report that Xenopus RhoA (XRhoA), but not Xenopus Cdc42 (XCdc42), is essential for JNK activation downstream of the Wnt/PCP pathway during Xenopus CE movements, and the phenotypic effect of loss of XRhoA function was rescued by Xenopus JNK1 (XeJNK1). In addition, XRhoA rescues the inhibition of CE movements by the DEP domain deletion mutant of Xenopus Dsh (Xdsh-⌬DEP), which has dominant negative (DN) effects on JNK activation, and the PDZ domain deletion mutant of Xdsh (Xdsh-⌬PDZ). Moreover, we demonstrate that Xenopus Rho-associated kinase ␣ (xROK␣), which is expressed mainly in mesoderm and ectoderm that undergo extensive cell rearrangements, regulates CE movements without affecting gene expression, and injection of xROK␣ rescued the inhibition of CE movements caused by DN XRhoA. Finally, we show that ROK␣ and JNK synergistically rescued embryos overexpressing DN XRhoA, which exhibit gastrulation defects, although ROK␣ is not required for JNK activation. Together, these data suggest that JNK and ROK␣ function in the noncanonical Wnt/RhoA pathway to regulate Xenopus CE movements. Developmental Dynamics 232: 958 -968, 2005.

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Section: Similarities and Differences Between Rhoa And Rac1 In The Resupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Rok␣ Regulates Xenopus Ce Movements By Means Of Rhoa But Nomentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

JNK and ROKα function in the noncanonical Wnt/RhoA signaling pathway to regulate Xenopus convergent extension movements

Kim

Han

2005

Developmental Dynamics

105

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“…Consistently, Erk2 knockout mice also show enhanced apoptosis (Yao et al, 2003). However, knockout of Erk leads to the loss of mesoderm, whereas suppression of RhoA signalling does not affect the cell fate determination in both zebrafish and Xenopus (Tahinci and Symes, 2003;Zhu et al, 2006). Similarly, high dose of U0126 can induce embryonic lethality in the majority of treated zebrafish embryos and severe apoptosis in few survivors (Supplementary Figure S5b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

RhoA prevents apoptosis during zebrafish embryogenesis through activation of Mek/Erk pathway

et al. 2007

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RhoA small GTPase, as a key regulator for actin cytoskeletal rearrangement, plays pivotal roles during morphogenesis, cytokinesis, phagocytosis and cell migration, but little is known about its signaling mechanism that controls cell survival in vivo. Using zebrafish as a model, we show that non-overlapping antisense morpholinos that block either translation or splicing of rhoA lead to extensive apoptosis during embryogenesis, resulting in overall reduction of body size and body length. These defects are associated with reduced activation of growth-promoting Erk and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic bcl-2. Moreover, ectopic expression of rhoA, Mek or BCL-2 mRNA rescues such phenotypes. Consistently, combined suppression of RhoA and Mek/Erk or Bcl-2 pathways by sub-optimal dose of rhoA morpholino and pharmacological inhibitors for either Mek (U0126) or Bcl-2 (HA 14-1) can induce developmental abnormalities and enhanced apoptosis, similar to those caused by effective RhoA knockdown. Furthermore, U0126 abrogates the rescue by RhoA and MEK but not BCL-2. In contrast, HA 14-1 effectively abolishes all functional rescues by RhoA, MEK or BCL-2, supporting that RhoA prevents apoptosis by activation of Mek/Erk pathway and requiring Bcl-2. These findings reveal an important genetic and functional relationship between RhoA with Mek/Erk and Bcl-2 for cell survival control during embryogenesis.

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“…During Xenopus gastrulation, RhoA and Rac are involved in the control of protrusive activity of trunk mesoderm (Tahinci and Symes, 2003) and dorsal mesendoderm cells (Ren et al 2006). We asked whether activation of Rho GTPases mediates polarization in VG or HM cells downstream of Gsc.…”

Section: The Effect Of Gsc and Mix1 On Cell Polarity Is Mediated By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of gastrula cell motility by the Goosecoid/Mix.1/ Siamois network: Basic patterns and paradoxical effects

Luu

Nagel

Wacker

et al. 2008

Developmental Dynamics

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In the vegetal half of the Xenopus gastrula, cell populations differ with respect to migration on fibronectin substratum. We show that the paired-class homeodomain transcription factors Goosecoid (Gsc), Mix.1, and Siamois (Sia) are involved in the modulation of migration velocity and cell polarity. Mix.1 is expressed in the whole vegetal half and serves as a competence factor that is necessary, but not sufficient, for rapid cell migration and polarization.

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Distinct functions of Rho and Rac are required for convergent extension during Xenopus gastrulation

Cited by 155 publications

References 68 publications

JNK and ROKα function in the noncanonical Wnt/RhoA signaling pathway to regulate Xenopus convergent extension movements

JNK and ROKα function in the noncanonical Wnt/RhoA signaling pathway to regulate Xenopus convergent extension movements

RhoA prevents apoptosis during zebrafish embryogenesis through activation of Mek/Erk pathway

Control of gastrula cell motility by the Goosecoid/Mix.1/ Siamois network: Basic patterns and paradoxical effects

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