Distinct features of fast oscillations in phasic and tonic rapid eye movement sleep

Brankačk, Jurij; Scheffzük, Claudia; Kukushka, Valeriy I.; Vyssotski, Alexei L.; Tort, Adriano Bretanha Lopes; Draguhn, Andreas

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01037.x

Cited by 43 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Phasic REM sleep is characterized by higher EEG frequency values with respect to tonic REM sleep. These results are in accordance with animal studies showing an activation of sensorimotor regions during REM sleep,13 with higher frequencies in phasic REM sleep compared to tonic REM sleep 14…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Activation of the motor cortex during phasic rapid eye movement sleep

Carli

Proserpio

Morrone

et al. 2016

Annals of Neurology

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When dreaming during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, we can perform complex motor behaviors while remaining motionless. How the motor cortex behaves during this state remains unknown. Here, using intracerebral electrodes sampling the human motor cortex in pharmacoresistant epileptic patients, we report a pattern of electroencephalographic activation during REM sleep similar to that observed during the performance of a voluntary movement during wakefulness. This pattern is present during phasic REM sleep but not during tonic REM sleep, the latter resembling relaxed wakefulness. This finding may help clarify certain phenomenological aspects observed in REM sleep behavior disorder. Ann Neurol 2016;79:326–330

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Activation of the motor cortex during phasic rapid eye movement sleep

Carli

Proserpio

Morrone

et al. 2016

Annals of Neurology

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“…Interestingly, while coupling was generally weaker during REM, we observed significant coupling in this sleep stage between the phase of the delta/theta rhythm and amplitudes in the beta/gamma range, consistent with the presence of theta and beta peaks in the power spectrum. We are not aware of previous studies reporting such REM coupling in human scalp EEG, although this finding fits with similar findings in rodents (64,65) and human parahippocampal cortex (46) (also see Sleep oscillations in the hippocampus).…”

Section: Sleep Oscillations At the Scalpsupporting

confidence: 88%

Heterogeneous profiles of coupled sleep oscillations in human hippocampus

Cox

Rüber

Staresina

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Cross-frequency coupling of sleep oscillations is thought to mediate memory consolidation. While the hippocampus is deemed central to this process, detailed knowledge of which oscillatory rhythms interact in the human hippocampus is lacking. Combining intracranial hippocampal and non-invasive electroencephalography from twelve neurosurgical patients, we characterized spectral power and coupling during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Hippocampal coupling was extensive, with the majority of channels expressing spectral interactions. NREM consistently showed delta-ripple coupling, but ripples were also modulated by slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles. SO-delta and SO-theta coupling, as well as interactions between delta/theta and spindle/beta frequencies also occurred. During REM, limited interactions between delta/theta and beta frequencies emerged. Moreover, oscillatory organization differed substantially between i) hippocampus and scalp, ii) sites along the anterior-posterior hippocampal axis, and iii) individuals. Overall, these results extend and refine our understanding of hippocampal sleep oscillations.

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“…Finally, the examination of neural activity in phasic and tonic REM microstates should not be limited to humans. For instance, a study in mice reported remarkable differences across phasic and tonic REM states with respect to theta and gamma oscillations in the parietal cortex of the animals [134]. Exploring the distribution of, and neural (i.e., frequency-specific) activity during phasic and tonic REM periods in species exhibiting peculiar forms of sleep due to environmental constraints [8], or in species outside the mammalian order [2,135] could shed more light on the functions and evolutionary origins of REM sleep [136,137].…”

Section: Conclusion Open Questions and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic?

Simor

Wijk

Nobili

et al. 2020

Sleep Medicine Reviews

127

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s u m m a r yRapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a peculiar neural state that occupies 20e25% of nighttime sleep in healthy human adults and seems to play critical roles in a variety of functions spanning from basic physiological mechanisms to complex cognitive processes. REM sleep exhibits a plethora of transient neurophysiological features, such as eye movements, muscle twitches, and changes in autonomic activity, however, despite its heterogeneous nature, it is usually conceptualized as a homogeneous sleep state. We propose here that differentiating and exploring the fine microstructure of REM sleep, especially its phasic and tonic constituents would provide a novel framework to examine the mechanisms and putative functions of REM sleep. In this review, we show that phasic and tonic REM periods are remarkably different neural states with respect to environmental alertness, spontaneous and evoked cortical activity, information processing, and seem to contribute differently to the dysfunctions of REM sleep in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. We highlight that a distinctive view on phasic and tonic REM microstates would facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms and functions of REM sleep in healthy and pathological conditions.

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Distinct features of fast oscillations in phasic and tonic rapid eye movement sleep

Cited by 43 publications

References 15 publications

Activation of the motor cortex during phasic rapid eye movement sleep

Activation of the motor cortex during phasic rapid eye movement sleep

Heterogeneous profiles of coupled sleep oscillations in human hippocampus

The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic?

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