Distinct effects of contrast and color on subjective rating of fearfulness

Lu, Zhen; Guo, Bing; Boguslavsky, Anne; Cappiello, Marcus; Zhang, Weiwei; Meng, Ming

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01521

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The third question is: what is the evolutionary origin of thrill? Fear in the face of danger has clear ecological and evolutionary advantages ( Nesse and Ellsworth, 2009 ; Adolphs, 2013 ; de Valk et al, 2015 ; Lu et al, 2015 ). But what is gained through thrill?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Analysis of Emotions: Fear and Thrill

Buckley

2016

Front. Psychol.

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People can speak, and this provides opportunities to analyze human emotions using perceived experiences communicated via language, as well as through measurement and imaging techniques that are also applicable to other higher animal species. Here I compare four qualitative methodological approaches to test if, and how, thrill depends on fear. I use eight high-risk, high-skill, real-life outdoor adventure recreation activities to provide the test circumstances. I present data from: >4000 person-days of participant observation; interviews with 40 expert practitioners; retrospective autoethnography of 50 critical incidents over 4 decades; and experimental autoethnography of 60 events. Results from different methods are congruent, but different approaches yield different insights. The principal findings are as follows. Individuals differ in their fear and thrill responses. The same individual may have different responses on different occasions. Fear boosts performance, but panic causes paralysis. Anxiety or apprehension prior to a risky action or event differs from fear experienced during the event itself. The intensity of pre-event fear generally increases with the immediacy of risk to life, and time to contemplate that risk. Fear must be faced, assessed and overcome in order to act. Thrill can occur either during or after a high-risk event. Thrill can occur without fear, and fear without thrill. Below a lower threshold of perceived risk, thrill can occur without fear. Between a lower and upper threshold, thrill increases with fear. Beyond the upper threshold, thrill vanishes but fear remains. This there is a sawtooth relation between fear and thrill. Perceived danger generates intense focus and awareness. Fear and other emotions can disappear during intense concentration and focus. Under high risk, the usual emotional sequence is fear before the action or event, then focus during the action or event, then thrill, relief, or triumph afterward. The emotionless state persists only during the most intense concentration. For events long enough to differentiate time within the events, fear and thrill can arise and fade in different fine-scale sequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Analysis of Emotions: Fear and Thrill

Buckley

2016

Front. Psychol.

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“…F&S thus argue that a genuine shift of perception by top-down factors could not manifest in behavioral reports (the El Greco fallacy, Pitfall 1). Therefore, any behavioral manifestation of changes in brightness perception induced by emotional concepts should result from response biases originating from postperceptual judgments (Firestone & Scholl 2014b) or low-level stimulus differences originating from bottom-up features (Firestone & Scholl 2015a;Lu et al 2015).…”

Section: What Draws the Line Between Perception And Cognition?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for “top-down” effects

Firestone¹,

Scholl²

2015

Behav Brain Sci

745

764

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Abstract:What determines what we see? In contrast to the traditional "modular" understanding of perception, according to which visual processing is encapsulated from higher-level cognition, a tidal wave of recent research alleges that states such as beliefs, desires, emotions, motivations, intentions, and linguistic representations exert direct, top-down influences on what we see. There is a growing consensus that such effects are ubiquitous, and that the distinction between perception and cognition may itself be unsustainable. We argue otherwise: None of these hundreds of studies -either individually or collectively -provides compelling evidence for true top-down effects on perception, or "cognitive penetrability." In particular, and despite their variety, we suggest that these studies all fall prey to only a handful of pitfalls. And whereas abstract theoretical challenges have failed to resolve this debate in the past, our presentation of these pitfalls is empirically anchored: In each case, we show not only how certain studies could be susceptible to the pitfall (in principle), but also how several alleged top-down effects actually are explained by the pitfall (in practice). Moreover, these pitfalls are perfectly general, with each applying to dozens of other top-down effects. We conclude by extracting the lessons provided by these pitfalls into a checklist that future work could use to convincingly demonstrate top-down effects on visual perception. The discovery of substantive top-down effects of cognition on perception would revolutionize our understanding of how the mind is organized; but without addressing these pitfalls, no such empirical report will license such exciting conclusions.

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“…Unfortunately, little research has investigated responses to image contrast (Lu et al, 2015). Most existing literature on image contrast focuses on image enhancement techniques for digital images, electronic displays, or printers (e.g., Fidler et al, 2007;Morrow et al, 1992;Ortiz-Jaramillo et al, 2018;Panetta et al, 2013;Shiao et al, 2007).…”

Section: Consumer Liking and Contrastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfect social media image posts: symmetry and contrast influence consumer response

Kostyk

Huhmann

2021

EJM

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Purpose Two studies investigate how different structural properties of images – symmetry (vertical and horizontal) and image contrast – affect social media marketing outcomes of consumer liking and engagement. Design/methodology/approach In Study 1’s experiment, 361 participants responded to social media marketing images that varied in vertical or horizontal symmetry and level of image contrast. Study 2 analyzes field data on 610 Instagram posts. Findings Study 1 demonstrates that vertical or horizontal symmetry and high image contrast increase consumer liking of social media marketing images, and that processing fluency and aesthetic response mediate these relationships. Study 2 reveals that symmetry and high image contrast improve consumer engagement on social media (number of “likes” and comments). Research limitations/implications These studies extend theory regarding processing fluency’s and aesthetic response’s roles in consumer outcomes within social media marketing. Image posts’ structural properties affect processing fluency and aesthetic response without altering brand information or advertising content. Practical implications Because consumer liking of marketing communications (e.g. social media posts) predicts persuasion and sales, results should help marketers design more effective posts and achieve brand-building and behavioral objectives. Based on the results, marketers are urged to consider the processing fluency and aesthetic response associated with any image developed for social media marketing. Originality/value Addressing the lack of empirical investigations in the existing literature, the reported studies demonstrate that effects of symmetry and image contrast in generating liking are driven by processing fluency and aesthetic response. Additionally, these studies establish novel effects of images’ structural properties on consumer engagement with brand-based social media marketing communications.

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Distinct effects of contrast and color on subjective rating of fearfulness

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Qualitative Analysis of Emotions: Fear and Thrill

Qualitative Analysis of Emotions: Fear and Thrill

Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for “top-down” effects

Perfect social media image posts: symmetry and contrast influence consumer response

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