Distinct cerebellar lobules process arousal, valence and their interaction in parallel following a temporal hierarchy

Styliadis, Charis; Ioannides, Andreas A.; Bamidis, Panagiotis D.; Papadelis, Christos

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.006

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Prefrontal and posterior parietal brain lobes, which are mostly related to intelligence (Basten et al, 2015; Ryman et al, 2016), have many connections to cerebellum (Koziol et al, 2014; Styliadis et al, 2015). Furthermore, there are many factors involved in cognitive processes justifying the examination of various brain areas in relation to IQ aspects, like the basal ganglia implicated in cognitive task processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there are many factors involved in cognitive processes justifying the examination of various brain areas in relation to IQ aspects, like the basal ganglia implicated in cognitive task processing. Even though it is known that the cerebellum is actively involved in cognitive processes (Koziol et al, 2014; Styliadis et al, 2015), there is a limited research investigating its relationship with IQ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Network Analysis of Cerebellum with Respect to IQ and Gender

Pezoulas

Zervakis

Michelogiannis

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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During the last years, it has been established that the prefrontal and posterior parietal brain lobes, which are mostly related to intelligence, have many connections to cerebellum. However, there is a limited research investigating cerebellum's relationship with cognitive processes. In this study, the network of cerebellum was analyzed in order to investigate its overall organization in individuals with low and high fluid Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were selected from 136 subjects in resting-state from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) database and were further separated into two IQ groups composed of 69 low-IQ and 67 high-IQ subjects. Cerebellum was parcellated into 28 lobules/ROIs (per subject) using a standard cerebellum anatomical atlas. Thereafter, correlation matrices were constructed by computing Pearson's correlation coefficients between the average BOLD time-series for each pair of ROIs inside the cerebellum. By computing conventional graph metrics, small-world network properties were verified using the weighted clustering coefficient and the characteristic path length for estimating the trade-off between segregation and integration. In addition, a connectivity metric was computed for extracting the average cost per network. The concept of the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) was adopted and implemented in order to avoid methodological biases in graph comparisons and retain only the strongest connections per network. Subsequently, six global and three local metrics were calculated in order to retrieve useful features concerning the characteristics of each MST. Moreover, the local metrics of degree and betweenness centrality were used to detect hubs, i.e., nodes with high importance. The computed set of metrics gave rise to extensive statistical analysis in order to examine differences between low and high-IQ groups, as well as between all possible gender-based group combinations. Our results reveal that both male and female networks have small-world properties with differences in females (especially in higher IQ females) indicative of higher neural efficiency in cerebellum. There is a trend toward the same direction in men, but without significant differences. Finally, three lobules showed maximum correlation with the median response time in low-IQ individuals, implying that there is an increased effort dedicated locally by this population in cognitive tasks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Network Analysis of Cerebellum with Respect to IQ and Gender

Pezoulas

Zervakis

Michelogiannis

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to the dimensional model of emotion (e.g., Barrett, 1995, 1998), emotional information is generally perceived from two dimensions: valence (positive to negative) and arousal (high to low). How these two dimensions of emotional information are processed in the brain has become an important topic of research in psychology and human neuroscience (e.g., Davis and Whalen, 2001; Sabatinelli et al, 2005; Kuppens et al, 2013; Lang and Bradley, 2013; Sieger et al, 2015; Styliadis et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intensity of Facial Expressions on Amygdalar Activation Independently of Valence

Lin

Mueller-Bardorff

Mothes-Lasch

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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For several stimulus categories (e.g., pictures, odors, and words), the arousal of both negative and positive stimuli has been shown to modulate amygdalar activation. In contrast, previous studies did not observe similar amygdalar effects in response to negative and positive facial expressions with varying intensity of facial expressions. Reasons for this discrepancy may be related to analytical strategies, experimental design and stimuli. Therefore, the present study aimed at re-investigating whether the intensity of facial expressions modulates amygdalar activation by circumventing limitations of previous research. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess brain activation while participants observed a static neutral expression and positive (happy) and negative (angry) expressions of either high or low intensity from an ecologically valid, novel stimulus set. The ratings of arousal and intensity were highly correlated. We found that amygdalar activation followed a u-shaped activation pattern with highest activation to high intense facial expressions as compared to low intensity facial expressions and to the neutral expression irrespective of valence, suggesting a critical role of the amygdala in valence-independent arousal processing of facial expressions. Additionally, consistent with previous studies, intensity effects were also found in visual areas and generally increased activation to angry versus happy faces were found in visual cortex and insula, indicating enhanced visual representations of high arousing facial expressions and increased visual and somatosensory representations of threat.

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“…In contrast, the head is magnetically transparent, so under optimal conditions MEG activity maps have a sub-millimeter spatial accuracy [5,6]. MEG can also be used to image subcortical brain activity in such areas as the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and brainstem [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17], as well as cerebellum [9,18,19], although this ability is often not appreciated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, SAM can be used to construct virtual electrodes for any point in the brain, providing a continuous, wide-band, submillisecond representation of brain activity. Virtual electrodes essentially provide similar neurophysiological information as an invasive intracranial electrode [21,26], with the obvious benefits of not causing tissue damage, the ability to examine locations retrospectively, superior spatial resolution, and the ability to target deep structures such as the thalamus [9], brainstem [27], or cerebellum [19], which are dangerous to access with implantable electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoencephalography: Clinical and Research Practices

et al. 2018

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Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a neurophysiological technique that detects the magnetic fields associated with brain activity. Synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM), a MEG magnetic source imaging technique, can be used to construct both detailed maps of global brain activity as well as virtual electrode signals, which provide information that is similar to invasive electrode recordings. This innovative approach has demonstrated utility in both clinical and research settings. For individuals with epilepsy, MEG provides valuable, nonredundant information. MEG accurately localizes the irritative zone associated with interictal spikes, often detecting epileptiform activity other methods cannot, and may give localizing information when other methods fail. These capabilities potentially greatly increase the population eligible for epilepsy surgery and improve planning for those undergoing surgery. MEG methods can be readily adapted to research settings, allowing noninvasive assessment of whole brain neurophysiological activity, with a theoretical spatial range down to submillimeter voxels, and in both humans and nonhuman primates. The combination of clinical and research activities with MEG offers a unique opportunity to advance translational research from bench to bedside and back.

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Distinct cerebellar lobules process arousal, valence and their interaction in parallel following a temporal hierarchy

Cited by 36 publications

References 122 publications

Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Network Analysis of Cerebellum with Respect to IQ and Gender

Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Network Analysis of Cerebellum with Respect to IQ and Gender

Effects of Intensity of Facial Expressions on Amygdalar Activation Independently of Valence

Magnetoencephalography: Clinical and Research Practices

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