Distemper Outbreak and Its Effect on African Wild Dog Conservation

Bildt, Marco W. G. van de

doi:10.3201/eid0802.010314

Cited by 107 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Van de Bildt et al (2002) observed the same results with CDV in African wild dog in Tanzania. Canine distemper is a very common disease in suburban and farm dogs in Brazil because of the absence of vaccination.…”

Section: Ef418783 [Lederle]) and Rinderpest Virus (Outgroup: Ef186supporting

confidence: 76%

“…In many parts of the world, dogs are the likely maintenance host and represent a source of CDV to wildlife. Canine distemper originating from dogs has been reported in lions in Serengeti (Roelke-Parker et al, 1996), Baikal seals (Phoca sibirica) in Siberia (Mamaev et al, 1995), crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga; Bengston et al, 1991), and African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus; Van de Bildt et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Distemper Virus in a Crab-eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Brazil: Case Report and Phylogenetic Analyses

Megid

Souza

Teixeira

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Although canine distemper is enzootic worldwide and has a wide host range, there are no reports of canine distemper virus in crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) that provide information on virus phylogeny and histopathologic lesions. The objective of this study is report and describe canine distemper in a crab-eating fox (C. thous), with a focus on the phylogeny of the virus strain and the histopathologic lesions in the animal.

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Section: Ef418783 [Lederle]) and Rinderpest Virus (Outgroup: Ef186supporting

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Distemper Virus in a Crab-eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Brazil: Case Report and Phylogenetic Analyses

Megid

Souza

Teixeira

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…(31). However, concerns remain about the vulnerability of critical populations, such as African wild dogs (45). Our results suggest that, as a conservation measure to protect wildlife, mass domestic dog vaccination efforts need to be continuous and widespread, posing logistic and financial challenges, and, even then, are unlikely to result in the elimination of infection in wildlifeprotected areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic–wildlife interface: Canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions

Viana

Cleaveland

Matthiopoulos

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

134

135

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Morbilliviruses cause many diseases of medical and veterinary importance, and although some (e.g., measles and rinderpest) have been controlled successfully, others, such as canine distemper virus (CDV), are a growing concern. A propensity for host-switching has resulted in CDV emergence in new species, including endangered wildlife, posing challenges for controlling disease in multispecies communities. CDV is typically associated with domestic dogs, but little is known about its maintenance and transmission in speciesrich areas or about the potential role of domestic dog vaccination as a means of reducing disease threats to wildlife. We address these questions by analyzing a long-term serological dataset of CDV in lions and domestic dogs from Tanzania's Serengeti ecosystem. Using a Bayesian state-space model, we show that dynamics of CDV have changed considerably over the past three decades. Initially, peaks of CDV infection in dogs preceded those in lions, suggesting that spill-over from dogs was the main driver of infection in wildlife. However, despite dog-to-lion transmission dominating cross-species transmission models, infection peaks in lions became more frequent and asynchronous from those in dogs, suggesting that other wildlife species may play a role in a potentially complex maintenance community. Widespread mass vaccination of domestic dogs reduced the probability of infection in dogs and the size of outbreaks but did not prevent transmission to or peaks of infection in lions. This study demonstrates the complexity of CDV dynamics in natural ecosystems and the value of long-term, large-scale datasets for investigating transmission patterns and evaluating disease control strategies.cross-species transmission | multihost pathogens | reservoirs | state-space models | serology T he genus Morbillivirus includes highly contagious, and often fatal, RNA viruses that cause diseases of great public health, economic, and conservation concern, such as measles, rinderpest, and canine distemper. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is distributed worldwide and affects an expanding range of host species, including domestic and wild canids (1, 2), marine mammals (3), felids (2, 4, 5), procyonids and ursids (6), and nonhuman primates (7-9). The propensity of CDV for host-switching has raised concerns about both potential risks for humans (10) and extinction threats to endangered wildlife (11-13).Although previously thought to be nonpathogenic in cats, outbreaks among large captive felids in the 1990s drew attention to CDV as a potential conservation threat to felids (2). The beststudied example of CDV infection in free-ranging felids comes from Tanzania's Serengeti ecosystem (Fig. 1A), where a CDV epidemic in 1994 killed ∼30% of lions (Panthera leo) and affected several Significance Morbilliviruses are a growing concern because of their ability to infect multiple species. The spill-over of canine distemper virus (CDV) from domestic dogs has been associated with severe declines in wild carnivores worldwide, and therefore mass...

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“…Desse modo, esse cão representa um risco direto de transmissão da cinomose para os animais silvestres. Impacto negativo desta virose sobre populações de carnívoros selvagens já é relatado ( Van de Bildt et al 2002). Uma epidemia no Serengueti acometeu 30% de uma população de 3000 leões africanos, muitos dos quais apresentavam mioclonia, e até 50% dos que apresentaram sinais clínicos podem ter morrido (Harder et al 1995, Roelke-Parker et al 1996.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic dogs in Serra de Caldas Novas State Park, Goiás: epidemiological aspects

et al. 2010

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Abstract:We herein report tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation of four domestic dogs wandering inside Serra de Caldas Novas State Park, Goiás. Twenty seven ticks were collected from these hosts along nine days in November 2008. Ticks were identified as adults of Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma tigrinum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus as well as Amblyomma spp. nymphs. One of the dogs displayed facial myoclonus, a symptom of canine distemper. Such disease is a serious viral and contagious disease of dogs and also of several wild animals. Overall tick species found on dogs clearly showed the transit of these hosts between the natural areas of the park and anthropic areas, urban or rural. Such situation illustrates the potential of dogs to transmit contagious and vector-borne diseases to wild canids. Our results reinforce the importance of control of dogs living free without responsible owner, to the Brazilian fauna conservation, particularly close to conservation units.

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Distemper Outbreak and Its Effect on African Wild Dog Conservation

Cited by 107 publications

References 11 publications

Canine Distemper Virus in a Crab-eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Brazil: Case Report and Phylogenetic Analyses

Canine Distemper Virus in a Crab-eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Brazil: Case Report and Phylogenetic Analyses

Dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic–wildlife interface: Canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic dogs in Serra de Caldas Novas State Park, Goiás: epidemiological aspects

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