Distant charge transport

Gray, Harry B.; Halpern, Jack

doi:10.1073/pnas.0501035102

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…All reagents used were of the highest grade available. The behavior of the nematodes, as viewed through a dissection microscope lens and a CCD camera (C2400-77, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan), was recorded on a computer hard disk for 10 or 30 min at 3 images/s, starting 40 min after the worm was transferred to the assay plate, because when a worm is placed on an assay plate, it initially shows frequent changes in locomotion states (Hills et al, 2004; Wakabayashi et al, 2004; Gray et al, 2005). The method to determine the duration of recording and the number of worms is shown at the end of Section “Regularity of Trace of Head Swing.”…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many cases, behavior analyses are conducted on agar plates. To date, locomotion phenotypes, in relation to the nervous system, have been studied in terms of moving speed, body bending frequency, and duration or frequency of forward/backward movements in wild type worms, or in comparison to various mutants or worms with laser-ablated neurons (Horvitz et al, 1982; Ségalat et al, 1995; Zheng et al, 1999; Brockie et al, 2001; Hardaker et al, 2001; Tsalik and Hobert, 2003; Hills et al, 2004; Wakabayashi et al, 2004; Gray et al, 2005), and in senescent worms (Bolanowski et al, 1981; Duhon and Johnson, 1995; Glenn et al, 2004; Hsu et al, 2009). Locomotion phenotypes are affected by neurotransmitters and their receptors, such as amino acids and their receptors (Zheng et al, 1999; Brockie et al, 2001; Hills et al, 2004; Dittman and Kaplan, 2008), and monoamines (Horvitz et al, 1982; Ségalat et al, 1995; Wakabayashi et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Head Movement Periodicity and Irregularity during Locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans

Shingai¹,

Furudate²,

Hoshi³

et al. 2013

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Caenorhabditis elegans is suitable for studying the nervous system, which controls behavior. C. elegans shows sinusoidal locomotion on an agar plate. The head moves not only sinusoidally but also more complexly, which reflects regulation of the head muscles by the nervous system. The head movement becomes more irregular with senescence. To date, the head movement complexity has not been quantitatively analyzed. We propose two simple methods for evaluation of the head movement regularity on an agar plate using image analysis. The methods calculate metrics that are a measure of how the head end movement is correlated with body movement. In the first method, the length along the trace of the head end on the agar plate between adjacent intersecting points of the head trace and the quasi-midline of the head trace, which was made by sliding an averaging window of 1/2 the body wavelength, was obtained. Histograms of the lengths showed periodic movement of the head and deviation from it. In the second method, the intersections between the trace of the head end and the trace of the 5 (near the pharynx) or 50% (the mid-body) point from the head end in the centerline length of the worm image were marked. The length of the head trace between adjacent intersections was measured, and a histogram of the lengths was produced. The histogram for the 5% point showed deviation of the head end movement from the movement near the pharynx. The histogram for the 50% point showed deviation of the head movement from the sinusoidal movement of the body center. Application of these methods to wild type and several mutant strains enabled evaluation of their head movement periodicity and irregularity, and revealed a difference in the age-dependence of head movement irregularity between the strains. A set of five parameters obtained from the histograms reliably identifies differences in head movement between strains.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Head Movement Periodicity and Irregularity during Locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans

Shingai¹,

Furudate²,

Hoshi³

et al. 2013

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Many neurons required to detect sensory stimuli have been identified, including those involved in odortaxis (AWA, AWB, AWC, ASH, and ADL), chemotaxis (ASE, ASK, ADF, ASG, and ASI), touch response (ALM, AVM, PVM, IL1, and OLQ) as well as many others involved in mechanosensory response to stimuli (reviewed in Bargmann and Kaplan, 1998) and thermotaxis (AFD, AWC, and ASI) (Mori and Ohshima, 1995; Biron et al, 2008; Kuhara et al, 2008; Beverly et al, 2011). The involvement of interneurons to mediate sensory output and integration is not as well understood, although circuits for thermotaxis, touch response, and chemotaxis that include interneurons such as AIA and AIY have been characterized using the original White et al (1986) wiring diagram coupled with neuron ablation (Chalfie et al, 1985; Mori and Ohshima, 1995; Bargmann and Kaplan, 1998; Zheng et al, 1999; Tsalik and Hobert, 2003; Gray et al, 2005). Cell-specific genetic rescue (Mello et al, 1991), in vivo calcium imaging (Kerr et al, 2000; Suzuki et al, 2003; Chronis et al, 2007; Tian et al, 2009), electrophysiology (Goodman et al, 1998; Lockery and Goodman, 1998; Richmond and Jorgensen, 1999; Richmond et al, 1999), and genomic techniques (Wenick and Hobert, 2004) have been used to verify and refine these circuit models, which can then be used as a starting point when testing the neurons involved in specific behaviors.…”

Section: Sensory Systems In C Elegansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intersection of Aging, Longevity Pathways, and Learning and Memory in C. elegans

Stein¹,

Murphy²

2012

Front. Gene.

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Our understanding of the molecular and genetic regulation of aging and longevity has been greatly augmented through studies using the small model system, C. elegans. It is important to test whether mutations that result in a longer life span also extend the health span of the organism, rather than simply prolonging an aged state. C. elegans can learn and remember both associated and non-associated stimuli, and many of these learning and memory paradigms are subject to regulation by longevity pathways. One of the more distressing results of aging is cognitive decline, and while no gross physical defects in C. elegans sensory neurons have been identified, the organism does lose the ability to perform both simple and complex learned behaviors with age. Here we review what is known about the effects of longevity pathways and the decline of these complex learned behaviors with age, and we highlight outstanding questions in the field.

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“…Dieses modifizierte Donor‐Protein‐Acceptor‐System ermöglichte die Untersuchung der Abstands‐ und Strukturabhängigkeit von ET‐Prozessen 21. 28–34…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Distaler Ladungstransport in Peptiden

et al. 2007

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Biologische Systeme transportieren Ladungen und reaktive Prozesse häufig über beträchtliche Entfernungen. Traditionelle Modelle der chemischen Kinetik können solche extremen distalen Prozesse gewöhnlich nicht beschreiben. In diesem Aufsatz betrachten wir ein atomares Modell für eine distale Informationsübertragung, das speziell für Peptide entwickelt wurde. Dabei wird die chemische Reaktivität als Ergebnis distaler Wirkungen betrachtet, die auf einer difunktionalen Zwei‐Stufen‐Kinetik, verbunden mit Bewegungen von Peptiden auf der Sub‐Pikosekundenskala beruht. Das difunktionale Modell ergibt einen hocheffizienten Transport von Ladung und Reaktivität über eine beträchtliche Entfernung in einem isolierten Peptid; in einer wässrigen Umgebung wird dagegen eine sehr niedrige Effizienz gefunden. Dem Modell zufolge findet in einer Peptidumgebung eine ultraschnelle Übertragung von Ladung und Reaktivität über eine beträchtliche Entfernung statt. In einem Protein können viele solcher Domänen aktiv sein.

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Distant charge transport

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of Head Movement Periodicity and Irregularity during Locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans

Evaluation of Head Movement Periodicity and Irregularity during Locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans

The Intersection of Aging, Longevity Pathways, and Learning and Memory in C. elegans

Distaler Ladungstransport in Peptiden

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