Distances and Directions in Multidimensional Shape Spaces: Implications for Morphometric Applications

Klingenberg, Christian Peter; Monteiro, Leandro R.

doi:10.1080/10635150590947258

Cited by 357 publications

(327 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This statistic represents the morphological variation among groups, scaled by the inverse of the pooled within-group covariance matrix. Unlike other distance measures used with landmark data (e.g., Procrustes distance), Mahalanobis D 2 accounts for nonindependence of landmark coordinates and within-group variation (Neff and Marcus, 1980;Klingenberg and Monteiro, 2005). Because the neutral rate of morphological evolution is expected to be proportional to the within-population variation, Mahalanobis D 2 can also be directly related to expected rates of morphological divergence predicted by population genetic theory for neutral evolution (Lynch, 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cranial anatomy and the differential preservation of population history and climate signatures

2006

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Cranial morphology is widely used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships, but its reliability in reflecting phylogeny and population history has been questioned. Some cranial regions, particularly the face and neurocranium, are believed to be influenced by the environment and prone to convergence. Others, such as the temporal bone, are thought to reflect more accurately phylogenetic relationships. Direct testing of these hypotheses was not possible until the advent of large genetic data sets. The few relevant studies in human populations have had intriguing but possibly conflicting results, probably partly due to methodological differences and to the small numbers of populations used. Here we use threedimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics methods to test explicitly the ability of cranial shape, size, and relative position/orientation of cranial regions to track population history and climate. Morphological distances among 13 recent human populations were calculated from four 3D landmark data sets, respectively reflecting facial, neurocranial, and temporal bone shape; shape and relative position; overall cranial shape; and centroid sizes. These distances were compared to neutral genetic and climatic distances among the same, or closely matched, populations. Results indicate that neurocranial and temporal bone shape track neutral genetic distances, while facial shape reflects climate; centroid size shows a weak association with climatic variables; and relative position/orientation of cranial regions does not appear correlated with any of these factors. Because different cranial regions preserve population history and climate signatures differentially, caution is suggested when using cranial anatomy for phylogenetic reconstruction. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1225-1233, 2006. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: craniofacial morphology; population history; neutral genetics; climate adaptation; human variationCranial morphology is commonly used to reconstruct hominin phylogenies and population histories (e.g

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cranial anatomy and the differential preservation of population history and climate signatures

2006

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“…Cluster analysis was performed to determine the morphological relationship of the species without the phylogenetic signal. We used Mahalanobis distances as measure of the similarity among species (Klingenberg and Monteiro 2005). The cluster was calculated using the unweighted pairgroup method algorithm (UPGMA).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification of the pectoral fin shape in damselfishes (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) of the Eastern Pacific

Aguilar-Medrano¹,

Frederich

Balart³

et al. 2012

Zoomorphology

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Fin shape strongly influences performance of locomotion across all swimming styles. In this study, we focused on the diversity of the pectoral fin morphology in damselfishes of the Eastern Pacific. Underwater observations and a review of literature allowed the characterization of ten behavioral groups. Territorial and non-territorial species were discriminated easily with traditional morphometrics. Five ecomorphological groups were recognized by geometric morphometric analyses. Geometric data segregated the outgroup from the damselfishes and allowed the distinction of mean morphologies from extreme ones within territorial and non-territorial species. Additionally, geometric morphometric data split Abudefduf into two groups: (1) A. troschelii is similar to C. atrilobata and (2) A. concolor and A. declivifrons are close to Stegastes. Solitary territorial species (e.g., Stegastes) show rounded and high fins whereas non-territorial species living in groups (e.g., Chromis) present long and curved pectoral fins. In the range of morphological variation, the morphologies of Microspathodon (elongate with highly curved hydrodynamic trailing edge) and Azurina (long, slender and angular) represent the extreme morphologies within territorial and non-territorial species, respectively. Our study revealed a strong relationship between the pectoral fin shape and the behavioral diversification in damselfishes.

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“…Metode geometrijske morfometrije omogućavaju analize veličine i oblika morfološke celine kombinacijom uni-i multivarijantnih statističkih metoda i metoda direktnog grafičkog predstavljanja varijabilnosti oblika. Oblik morfološke celine u matematičkom smislu predstavlja sveukupnost geometrijskih informacija koje su nepromenljive u odnosu na skaliranje, translaciju i rotaciju (Klingenberg & Monteiro, 2005). Pri tome, matematički oblik morfološke celine isključuje efekte njene veličine, položaja i orijentacije u prostoru (Kendall, 1977).…”

Section: Geometrijska Morfometrijaunclassified

Ecological characteristics and morphological-genetic differentiation in populations of European mudminnoow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) from Ba?ka, Ma?va and Semberija

Sekulić¹

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Distances and Directions in Multidimensional Shape Spaces: Implications for Morphometric Applications

Cited by 357 publications

References 59 publications

Human cranial anatomy and the differential preservation of population history and climate signatures

Human cranial anatomy and the differential preservation of population history and climate signatures

Diversification of the pectoral fin shape in damselfishes (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) of the Eastern Pacific

Ecological characteristics and morphological-genetic differentiation in populations of European mudminnoow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) from Ba?ka, Ma?va and Semberija

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