But Asian institutions are addressing these challenges in their unique ways. For example, the Sukothai Thamathirat Open University, Thailand has integrated external and internal QA processes to develop cultures of quality. The Open University of Hong Kong and Wawasan Open University have adopted rigorous approval and review processes for course development by creating standard operating procedures. Hanyang Cyber University, Korea, uses ICT systems for monitoring suspicious behavior from a particular IP address and for conducting online faculty orientation. The Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia, and Peking University, China, have opted for ISO certifications. Korea's AutoEver uses a variety of e-learning tools to customize and personalize the teaching-learning process. The Virtual University of Pakistan builds quality into student assessment whereas Japan'