Distance Education in China and India: Collectivism and Connectivism

Carter, Deborah Joy

doi:10.19173/irrodl.v10i3.722

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the competing organizations of the first movers can trigger failure by not investing (Tabb, 2016). Further, in view of its potential effects on different stakeholders, organizations seeking competitive advantage are affected not only by the adoption of technological innovations but also by socio-politico-economic factors (Carter, 2009), and these issues need to be given proper attention before applying automating technologies such as blockchain. The complex processes comprising subjective reviews of behaviors and outcomes need human intervention, which cannot be tackled by blockchain and smart contracts; and hence, organizations should use it in conjunction with commensurate technological and employability skills to meet strategic objectives, goals and stakeholders' demands (Faridi and Ouseph, 2014).…”

Section: Potentialities Of Blockchain As Strategic Resourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain: a strategic resource to attain and sustain competitive advantage

Kant

2021

IJIS

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Purpose This paper aims to offer exploratory remarks by discussing whether blockchain can help organizations attain sustained competitive advantage in view of its increased applications and untapped potential. Organizations are yet to test its utilization as an intangible strategic resource at a time when organizational strategic landscapes – rapidly changing in a globally networked digitally empowered world – require them to enhance capability of combining resources for meeting stakeholders’ expectations. Design/methodology/approach Blockchain as an emerging technology draws frequent industry announcements and specialists’ posts on daily basis in media, and there exist inadequacies with respect to the availability of relevant studies in the extant literature on the subject of blockchain, which itself is in infancy. Keeping in view the limitations associated with the traditional understandings of scholarship underscoring, thereby that research and knowledge discovery have been restricting the progress across disciplines on account of which knowledge domains fail to make a meaningful effect; research design of the paper comprises the scholarship of integration method, which might appear to be less systematic but was more emergent in comparison to a traditional methodology of systematic literature review, and suitable for conducting this study. Findings Findings of this study suggest that blockchain with huge popularity as a technological innovation has huge potentialities and promises to be a strategic intangible resource for organizations helpful in attaining sustained advantage. However, the findings also suggest several cautionary remarks. Research limitations/implications This paper offers exploratory remarks by discussing blockchain in the context of its consideration as a significant intangible strategic resource helpful in attaining sustained competitive advantage, emphasizing the need for continuous attention and revision with its increased applications. It attempts to assess the untapped potential of blockchain incorporating ample scholarly value in this era of fourth industrial revolution. The findings offer greater significance for different stakeholders including researchers and policymakers. However, this paper limits itself by throwing light on the strategic aspects only while attempting to touch upon only those aspects of blockchain that were perceived to be helpful in understanding it as a resource of sustained competitive advantage. Originality/value This paper presents originality and value by offering exploratory remarks that can be immensely useful given the scarcity of literature on the novel blockchain with respect to its consideration as a strategic resource. This paper attempts to provide much needed underpinnings to the notion whether blockchain can help organizations attain and sustain competitive advantage.

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Section: Potentialities Of Blockchain As Strategic Resourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain: a strategic resource to attain and sustain competitive advantage

Kant

2021

IJIS

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“…Further, issues such as requirement of “Proof of Work” consensus cause enormous energy wastage in addition to very slow rate of transactions per second affecting performance (Vukolić, 2016) and thus prove to be costly to ODL, which has already been overloaded with massive fixed assets investments. Here, it is notable that not only the technological advancement adoption but also the politico-economic factors affect immensely ODL (Carter, 2009), which make the learning process/behaviors/outcomes in ODL complex requiring their subjective reviews necessarily requiring human intervention practically uncontrollable by the automated blockchain. Nonetheless, ODL ought to demonstrate greater foresight to consider the strategic potentialities of blockchain as an intangible idiosyncratic resource with VRIN attributes.…”

Section: Strategic Potentialities Of Blockchain For Odlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can blockchain be a strategic resource for ODL?: a study

Kant

Anjali

2020

AAOUJ

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the hitherto unexplored strategic potentialities of blockchain as an intangible resource for open and distance learning (ODL) to attain and sustain competitive advantage by creating a more learner centric learning ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachResearch design included review of the literature, desk research and case analyses to conduct this study so that the hitherto unexplored strategic potentialities of blockchain, a technological innovation, for ODL could be explored adequately.FindingsThe findings of the paper reveal that ODL must not miss out on the opportunity of harnessing the hitherto unexplored strategic potentialities of blockchain in its quest of attaining and sustain competitiveness vis-a-vis conventional system of learning. Results of this study sufficiently hint at the possible viability of considering blockchain as a strategic resource for ODL.Practical implicationsResults of this study sufficiently indicate the possible viability of considering blockchain as a strategic resource for ODL which in turn make them significant for decision-makers and policymakers engaged in developing ODL. Findings hint that ODL needs to make efforts to harness the strategic potentialities of blockchain for attaining and sustaining competitiveness which would also be helpful for ODL to contribute towards achievement of sustainable development goals. This paper attempts to provide a strategic viewpoint to the use of this technological innovation as a significant intangible resource discussing primarily the strategic perspectives of blockchain helpful in the further development of ODL.Originality/valueAlthough uses of blockchain-enabled applications in ODL are relatively new, the growth is very fast. The present paper offers originality and value by filling the gap created by the inadequacies of studies focusing on the idiosyncratic characteristics including but not limited to decentralization and security of blockchain. Findings suggest that blockchain offers huge potentialities in terms of benefits for entire ODL ecosystem comprising different stakeholders such as institutions, learners, educators, etc.

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“…In order to fulfill the needs and expectations of its different stakeholders, ODL plays a supplementary role to the conventional system, with the help of its flexible and liberal approach without compromising the quality. The transformation in ODL in order to gain competitiveness is driven not only by the technological advancement and its adoption but by the politico-economical factors also, in view of its potential effects on different stakeholders (Carter, 2009). The general tendency of stakeholders, to show resistance, changes along with the change in their perception that their problems are being solved.…”

Section: Competitiveness In Odl: Stakeholders' Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Competitiveness in ODL from Stakeholders’ Perspective: A Review and Research Agenda

Kant¹

2019

Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education

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Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in higher education has gained momentum in previous decades. ODL institutions too require competitiveness in the market place of educational products/ services through their capabilities and core competencies by adopting cost and/or differentiation strategy, especially due to the increasing competition arising from the existence of large number of institutions with similar objectives. The competition has further increased due to Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization, virtually collapsing the boundaries to access education being offered from any other country; technological developments; changes in demographics, societal & economic structures; and most importantly emergence of online institutions with different nomenclatures. ODL institutions in India are in dire need of making strategic efforts to create and maintain sustainability in competitiveness by reaching out to larger sections of different stakeholders to satisfy their needs/ expectations in view of the huge untapped potential in India and abroad. All stakeholders are not equally important and influential and their identification is a critical step in selecting appropriate strategy for achieving competitiveness. This study sets the research agenda on the topic of competitiveness in ODL in higher education from the perspective of the relevant stakeholders and not learners only, with the help of Systematic Literature Review (SLR), showcasing the findings to provide the future research framework with a deeper understanding of ODL, Competitiveness, stakeholders and their interrelations in the Indian context.

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Distance Education in China and India: Collectivism and Connectivism

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Blockchain: a strategic resource to attain and sustain competitive advantage

Blockchain: a strategic resource to attain and sustain competitive advantage

Can blockchain be a strategic resource for ODL?: a study

Competitiveness in ODL from Stakeholders’ Perspective: A Review and Research Agenda

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