Distance calculation between photovoltaic arrays fixed on sloping ground

Abstract

The distance calculation between two photovoltaic arrays is important in the design of grid-connected and grid-off power generation. It is easy to calculate the distance between two photovoltaic arrays on horizontal ground, but on the sloping ground existed in practical projects, it is more complicated. This paper introduces a kind of analytical geometry method to solve the problem of distance calculation between two photovoltaic arrays fixed on sloping ground.

Shading on Photovoltaic Collectors on Rooftops

“…Shading causes uneven distribution of the incident solar radiation on the PV modules, resulting in the formation of steps across the I-V characteristics. Articles that include analytical expressions for shading on PV collectors in solar fields are mentioned in [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Shadow analysis and its effect on solar PV systems for flat-plate collectors was started early by [3] and followed by [6][7][8].…”

“…References [10][11][12][13][14] also calculate the shading losses. With the wide broadening of PV plants across the world, authors recently returned to deal with the shading losses of PV systems [15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…Mathematical expressions were developed in [15] for the distance between PV rows on horizontal and sloping grounds, facing north-south and east-west directions. A method to calculate the minimum distance between the rows to avoid the effect of shadings is developed in [16].…”

“…The distance from a building object to the PV array was calculated in [19], based on the Solo Pro software simulation tool; however, no mathematical expressions for the shading were specified. The references [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] deal with analytical expressions for the spacing between rows for PV systems deployed on the ground, the exception is reference [19].…”