This
work introduces the concept of a counting-based measurement
on paper analytical devices (cPADs) to improve the utilization of
numerous reactions. The design of cPADs consists of two layers of
paper substrates; the first layer contains a central sample zone combined
with a radial surrounded by 12 detection zones that are predeposited
with the various reagents, and the second layer acts as a connection
channel between the sample zone and each detection zone. The solution
can vertically flow from the first to the second layer and then move
through the area to each subsequent detection zone. The analyte level
can be evaluated by counting the number of detection zones that change
color from a blank signal. Furthermore, our cPADs exhibit a capability
of implementation for a broad series of reactions. Compared to the
dPAD technique, some reactions that are possibly difficult to apply
in such devices can be wholly enabled in our devices. The final color
reaction on cPADs can apparently occur due to its identity. We applied
this technique to the monitoring of carbaryl (CBR) and copper ions
(Cu2+) using different reactions, including azo-coupling
and complexation, respectively. Accordingly, this indicates an excellent
result validated using the more traditional methods. Our cPADs can
be applied for rapid screening of both CBR and Cu2+ in
water samples with outstanding accuracy and precision using a naked-eye
measurement by a relatively unskilled person. We offer a simple platform
on PADs for rapid screening, combining high cost-effectiveness within
a miniaturized platform designed for use with onsite applications,
which is thus suitable for several different reactions.