“…Protocol USC LEACH [20] It guards against battery depletion and maintains node energy consumption stability LEACH-C [80] To create balanced clusters, the base station initiates a centralised mechanism for selecting CHs based on their location data LEACH-F [68] After the development of a cluster, it becomes fixed. It reduces setup overhead while balancing energy consumption between sensors CLUDDA [74] In-network processing is used to eliminate unnecessary transmission and avoid the problem of flooding LEACH [86] It is employed in both centralized and distributed CH selection algorithms for network longevity using solar power LEACH-ET [16] It saves energy by shortening the round rotation time E-LEACH [87] Nodes' residual energy is conserved, but energy is squandered due to fixed time rounds. RRCH [16] A single set-up process achieves significant energy efficiency TB-LEACH [30] Changes how CHs are selected dependent on time…”
Section: Table 2 Clustering Protocols That Focus On Minimizing Energy...mentioning
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have drawn the attention of many researchers as well as general users in recent years. Since WSN has a wide range of applications, including environmental monitoring, medical applications, and surveillance, their usage is not limited. As energy is a major constraint in WSN, it is necessary to employ techniques that reduce energy consumption in order to extend the network’s lifetime. Clustering, data aggregation, duty cycling, load balancing, and efficient routing are some of the techniques used to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we discuss in details about clustering, its properties, the existing clustering protocols. The clustering protocols that support data aggregation will also be discussed. The paper concludes with considering the impact of clustering and data aggregation in WSN.
“…Protocol USC LEACH [20] It guards against battery depletion and maintains node energy consumption stability LEACH-C [80] To create balanced clusters, the base station initiates a centralised mechanism for selecting CHs based on their location data LEACH-F [68] After the development of a cluster, it becomes fixed. It reduces setup overhead while balancing energy consumption between sensors CLUDDA [74] In-network processing is used to eliminate unnecessary transmission and avoid the problem of flooding LEACH [86] It is employed in both centralized and distributed CH selection algorithms for network longevity using solar power LEACH-ET [16] It saves energy by shortening the round rotation time E-LEACH [87] Nodes' residual energy is conserved, but energy is squandered due to fixed time rounds. RRCH [16] A single set-up process achieves significant energy efficiency TB-LEACH [30] Changes how CHs are selected dependent on time…”
Section: Table 2 Clustering Protocols That Focus On Minimizing Energy...mentioning
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have drawn the attention of many researchers as well as general users in recent years. Since WSN has a wide range of applications, including environmental monitoring, medical applications, and surveillance, their usage is not limited. As energy is a major constraint in WSN, it is necessary to employ techniques that reduce energy consumption in order to extend the network’s lifetime. Clustering, data aggregation, duty cycling, load balancing, and efficient routing are some of the techniques used to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we discuss in details about clustering, its properties, the existing clustering protocols. The clustering protocols that support data aggregation will also be discussed. The paper concludes with considering the impact of clustering and data aggregation in WSN.
“…Nodes are self selected to be CH with different probabilities based on their distances from the Base Station (BS). Recently, Modified LEACH-DT is another proposed algorithm [11][12], which has improved the LEACH-DT consedering both distance and residual energy in cluster heads election. The proposed approach ensures better energy balance of the network nodes.…”
The limited energy of nodes in wireless sensor networks and the impossibility of replacing their batteries, have lead to protocols development which optimize and balance the energy consumption over the network. LEACH is the most used hierarchical protocol. However, one major weakness of the LEACH protocol lies in both of its random cluster formation and cluster head election. In this paper, we present two new protocols based virtual grid clustering on coverage area. In the first one, sensing area is devided into grids as squares named as VSG-LEACH and in the second one into grids as hexagons named as VHG-LEACH. In each zone, one cluster head is elected according to its residual energy and its distance from the cell center. The simulation results show that the network lifetime is prolonged by 169.67% and the energy consumption is improved by 80.97% compared to LEACH protocol.
“…Irrespective of various clustering operation, the member nodes forwards all the raw information of the event to the selected cluster head, which performs data fusion in order to remove the redundancies. The fused data are then forwarded by the cluster head to another cluster head (multihop) or directly to the base station (single‐hop) . The complete process is called as data aggregation .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fused data are then forwarded by the cluster head to another cluster head (multihop) or directly to the base station (single-hop). [5][6][7][8][9][10] The complete process is called as data aggregation. 11 It is essential to know that clustering targets to save energy and various other resources of the sensor node so that sensing operation can be continued for a long time.…”
Summary
Clustering is one of the essential operations in wireless sensor network (WSN) to ensure organized data aggregation followed by energy efficiency. However, obtaining optimal clustering performance is yet an unsolved problem in WSN. Review of existing approaches towards cluster optimization shows that effective balance between energy efficiency and topology control is still missing. Therefore, the proposed system presents a unique topology control mechanism using a novel concept of interstellar orientation toward optimizing the clustering performance in WSN. Adopting an analytical research methodology, the proposed system introduces two interstellar‐based topology control system, which targets the maximum saving of resource consumption of the cluster head. The simulated outcome of the study shows that the proposed topology control system offers significant energy conservation performance in comparison to the existing hierarchical clustering scheme in WSN.
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