Distal degassing of radon and carbon dioxide on Galeras volcano, Colombia

Heiligmann, Martin; Stix, John; Williams‐Jones, Glyn; Lollar, Barbara Sherwood; Garzón, V. Gustavo

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(96)00099-6

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Diffuse degassing of Rn and CO 2 was studied at 25 representative stations on Arenal, 16 stations on Poµs and 30 stations on Galeras, between 1993 and 1996 (Table 1; Charland et al 1994;Heiligmann et al 1997;Williams-Jones et al 1997). Stations were chosen based on the geology, geographical location and, in the case of Galeras, their proximity to seismically active areas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where [CO 2 ] is the volume percent CO 2 measured at the site and C f is the correction factor calculated using: The 1993 ± 1995 Galeras data are from Heiligmann et al (1997); 1996 Galeras data are from this article where DElev. is the difference in elevation in metres between the station and the base station, and 2.678 10 ± 4 is a factor based on the linear regression of measurements of gas standards of known concentration taken at different elevations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, flank degassing may release large quantities of CO 2 into the atmosphere, and changes in soil gas concentrations can sometimes be correlated with seismic and volcanic activity (cf. Baubron et al 1991; Barberi and Carapezza 1994;Thomas et al 1986;Heiligmann et al 1997). The fundamental question is the following: Do most volcanoes emit significant quantities of gas from their flanks?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Processes such as (a) climatic variations (wind, rain, temperature and soil humidity), (b) atmospheric pressure variations, (c) deformation of a volcanic edifice, (d) volcanic and volcano-seismic activity, and (e) tectonic seismic activity all may have significant effects on soil gas concentrations (cf. King 1980;Shapiro et al 1980;Schery and Petschek 1983;Hinkle 1990;Baubron et al 1991;Badalamenti et al 1993;Heiligmann et al 1997;Giammanco et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model of diffuse degassing at three subduction-related volcanoes

Williams‐Jones¹,

Stix²,

Heiligmann

et al. 2000

Bull Volcanol

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Radon, CO 2 and d 13 C in soil gas were measured at three active subduction-related stratovolcanoes (Arenal and Poµs, Costa Rica; Galeras, Colombia). In general, Rn, CO 2 and d 13 C values are higher on the lower flanks of the volcanoes, except near fumaroles in the active craters. The upper flanks of these volcanoes have low Rn concentrations and light d 13 C values. These observations suggest that diffuse degassing of magmatic gas on the upper flanks of these volcanoes is negligible and that more magmatic degassing occurs on the lower flanks where major faults and greater fracturing in the older lavas can channel magmatic gases to the surface. These results are in contrast to findings for Mount Etna where a broad halo of magmatic CO 2 has been postulated to exist over much of the edifice. Differences in radon levels among the three volcanoes studied here may result from differences in age, the degree of fracturing and faulting, regional structures or the level of hydrothermal activity. Volcanoes, such as those studied here, act as plugs in the continental crust, focusing magmatic degassing towards crater fumaroles, faults and the fractured lower flanks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A model of diffuse degassing at three subduction-related volcanoes

Williams‐Jones¹,

Stix²,

Heiligmann

et al. 2000

Bull Volcanol

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“…Monitoring of radon 222 Rn and 220 Rn in terrestrial fluids has become in the last decades an important tool to forecast earthquakes and volcanic eruptions (CHIRKOV, 1975;KING, 1986;FLEROV et al, 1986;HIROTAKA et al, 1988;IGARASHI and WAKITA, 1990;IGARASHI et al, 1995;HEILIGMANN et al, 1997;TOUTAIN and BAUBRON, 1999;VIRK, 1986;VIRK et al, 2001;RICHON et al, 2003;ZMAZEK et al, 2005;IMMÈ et al, 2006;NERI et al, 2006;GIAMMANCO et al, 2007). These studies support the hypothesis of radon as a precursor of seismic activity even though the mechanism relating distant seismic events and the 222 Rn activity variation in soil-gas or groundwater remains controversial (TOUTAIN and BAUBRON, 1999;RICHON et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Precursory Subsurface 222Rn and 220Rn Degassing Signatures of the 2004 Seismic Crisis at Tenerife, Canary Islands

Pérez

Hernández

Padrón

et al. 2007

Pure appl. geophys.

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Precursory geochemical signatures of radon degassing in the subsurface of the Tenerife Island were observed several months prior to the recent 2004 seismic-volcanic crisis. These premonitory signatures were detected by means of a continuous monitoring of 222 Rn and 220 Rn activity from a bubbling CO 2 -rich gas spot located at 2.850 m depth inside a horizontal gallery for groundwater exploitation at Tenerife. Multivariate Regression Analysis (MRA) on time series of the radon activity was applied to eliminate the radon activity fluctuation due to external variables such as barometric pressure, temperature and relative humidity as well as power supply. Material Failure Forecast Method (FFM) was successfully applied to forecast the anomalous seismicity registered in Tenerife Island in 2004. The changes in the 222 Rn/ 220 Rn ratio observed after the period of anomalous seismicity might suggest a higher gas flow rate and/or changes in the vertical permeability induced by seismic activity.

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