Dissolved Solids‐Discharge Relationships: 1. Mixing Models

Hall, F.

doi:10.1029/wr006i003p00845

Cited by 109 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…from a smaller data set and used to estimate the fractional contribution of these constituents to the total nitrogen load. Hall [1970]. It assumes mixing of precipitation or event water with baseflow in an open stream system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of nitrogen transport in streams of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California‐Nevada

Coats¹,

Goldman²

2001

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. In an effort to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen concentration and load in streams of the Lake Tahoe basin, we analyzed 10 years of data from 10 streams, developing discharge-concentration relationships and total load estimates for nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and organic N. The results indicate that (1) most of the nitrate transport occurs early in the snowmelt season or during large winter rainstorms; (2) dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations peak early in the runoff season, decline during snowmelt, and in some streams peak again during the summer low-flow period; (3) organic nitrogen accounts for over 90% of the total nitrogen load in basin streams; h(4a)__

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of nitrogen transport in streams of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California‐Nevada

Coats¹,

Goldman²

2001

Water Resources Research

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“…Hystereses in the concentration-flow relationships are often observed during storm events, i.e. the concentration of a determinand, at a given river flow, is different on the rising and falling limb of a hydrograph (Hall, 1970). When plotted, such concentration/flow relationships result in ''loop trajectories'', with a clockwise hysteresis loop produced when the concentration is higher on the rising limb of the hydrograph, and an anticlockwise loop when the concentration is higher on the falling limb.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Hysteresis Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising phosphorus and nitrate inputs to a rural river using high-frequency concentration–flow relationships

Bowes

Jarvie

Halliday

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

201

155

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Characterising phosphorus and nitrate inputs to a rural river using highfrequency concentration-flow relationships.Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. AbstractThe total reactive phosphorus (TRP) and nitrate concentrations of the River Enborne, southern England, were monitored at hourly interval between January 2010 and December 2011. The relationships between these high-frequency nutrient concentration signals and flow were used to infer changes in nutrient source and dynamics through the annual cycle and each individual storm event, by studying hysteresis patterns. TRP concentrations exhibited strong dilution patterns with increasing flow, and predominantly clockwise hysteresis through storm events. Despite the Enborne catchment being relatively rural for southern England, TRP inputs were dominated by constant, non-rain-related inputs from sewage treatment works (STW) for the majority of the year, producing the highest phosphorus concentrations through the spring-summer growing season. At higher river flows, the majority of the TRP load was derived from within-channel remobilisation of phosphorus from the bed sediment, much of which was also derived from STW inputs. Therefore, future phosphorus 2 mitigation measures should focus on STW improvements. Agricultural diffuse TRP inputs were only evident during storms in the May of each year, probably relating to manure application to land. The nitrate concentration-flow relationship produced a series of dilution curves, indicating major inputs from groundwater and to a lesser extent STW. Significant diffuse agricultural inputs with anticlockwise hysteresis trajectories were observed during the first major storms of the winter period.The simultaneous investigation of high-frequency time series data, concentration-flow relationships and hysteresis behaviour through multiple storms for both phosphorus and nitrate offers a simple and innovative approach for providing new insights into nutrient sources and dynamics.

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“…Typical concentration-discharge analyses have centered on mixing models of different source waters (e.g. event and pre-event water; old and new water; or soil water, groundwater and precipitation) inferred from the shape of the concentration-discharge relationship for different solutes (Johnson et al, 1969;Hall, 1970Hall, , 1971. In other studies, researchers have inferred the relative timing of mixing from hysteresis loops observed in concentration-discharge plots (Evans and Davies, 1998;Evans et al, 1999;House and Warwick, 1998;Hornberger et al, 2001;Chanat et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration–discharge relationships reflect chemostatic characteristics of US catchments

Godsey

Kirchner

Clow

2009

Hydrological Processes

678

942

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Abstract:Concentration-discharge relationships have been widely used as clues to the hydrochemical processes that control runoff chemistry. Here we examine concentration-discharge relationships for solutes produced primarily by mineral weathering in 59 geochemically diverse US catchments. We show that these catchments exhibit nearly chemostatic behaviour; their stream concentrations of weathering products such as Ca, Mg, Na, and Si typically vary by factors of only 3 to 20 while discharge varies by several orders of magnitude. Similar patterns are observed at the inter-annual time scale. This behaviour implies that solute concentrations in stream water are not determined by simple dilution of a fixed solute flux by a variable flux of water, and that rates of solute production and/or mobilization must be nearly proportional to water fluxes, both on storm and inter-annual timescales. We compared these catchments' concentration-discharge relationships to the predictions of several simple hydrological and geochemical models. Most of these models can be forced to approximately fit the observed concentration-discharge relationships, but often only by assuming unrealistic or internally inconsistent parameter values. We propose a new model that also fits the data and may be more robust. We suggest possible tests of the new model for future studies. The relative stability of concentration under widely varying discharge may help make aquatic environments habitable. It also implies that fluxes of weathering solutes in streams, and thus fluxes of alkalinity to the oceans, are determined primarily by water fluxes. Thus, hydrology may be a major driver of the ocean-alkalinity feedback regulating climate change.

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Dissolved Solids‐Discharge Relationships: 1. Mixing Models

Cited by 109 publications

References 5 publications

Patterns of nitrogen transport in streams of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California‐Nevada

Patterns of nitrogen transport in streams of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California‐Nevada

Characterising phosphorus and nitrate inputs to a rural river using high-frequency concentration–flow relationships

Concentration–discharge relationships reflect chemostatic characteristics of US catchments

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