Dissolved rhenium in the Yamuna river system and the Ganga in the Himalaya: role of black shale weathering on the budgets of Re, Os, and U in rivers and CO 2 in the atmosphere

Dalai, Tarun K.; Singh, Sunil Kumar; Trivedi, J. R.; Krishnaswami, S.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00747-5

Cited by 87 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This might be 25 explained by the much lower erosion rates of the Canadian site, with deep soils and stable geomorphology, compared to the Laval catchment where erosion continuously exposes rocks to oxidative weathering (Graz et al, 2012). CO2 fluxes derived from the oxidation rock organic carbon have been indirectly estimated using geochemical proxies, such as dissolved rhenium fluxes in rivers (Dalai et al, 2002;Hilton et al, 2014;Horan et al, 2017). Our direct measurements obtained from a single chamber (H6) (66 ± 2 gC.m and that CO2 fluxes from a single chamber may vary throughout the year.…”

Section: Rock-derived Organic Carbon Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the trace element rhenium has been used to compare relative rates of rock-derived organic carbon oxidation (Jaffe et al, 2002) and estimate the corresponding fluxes of CO2 across river catchments (Dalai et al, 2002;20 Hilton et al, 2014;Horan et al, 2017). Another approach has been to measure the loss of radiocarbon-depleted organic matter in river sediments during their transfer across the floodplains of large river basins (Bouchez et al, 2010;Galy et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Soulet¹,

Hilton²,

Garnett³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks can release carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere and is an important natural CO2 emission. Two mechanisms operate -the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter and the dissolution of carbonate 10 minerals by sulphuric acid. It has proved difficult to directly measure the rates of these weathering processes in the field, with previous work generally using indirect methods which track the dissolved products of these reactions in rivers. Here we design a chamber method to measure CO2 production during the oxidative weathering of shale bedrock, which can be applied in erosive environments where rocks are exposed frequently to the atmosphere. The chamber is drilled directly into the rock face and is a relatively low cost method to provide a long-lived (several months or more), oxygenated environment in contact with 15 a surface area of potential reactant. To partition the measured CO2 fluxes and the source of CO2, we use zeolite molecular sieves to trap CO2 'actively' (over several hours) or 'passively' (over a period of months). The approaches produce comparable results, with the trapped CO2 having a fraction modern ranging from 0.05 to 0.06 and demonstrating relatively little contamination from local atmospheric CO2 (fraction modern of 1.01). We use stable isotopes of the trapped CO2 to partition between an organic and inorganic carbon source. The measured fluxes of rock-derived organic matter oxidation and carbonate 20 dissolution by sulphuric acid from a single chamber were high, but consistent with the high erosion rate of the study region (of ~5 mm yr -1 ). We propose our in situ method has the potential to be more widely deployed to directly measure CO2 fluxes during the oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks, allowing for the spatial and temporal variability in these fluxes to be determined.

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Section: Rock-derived Organic Carbon Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Soulet¹,

Hilton²,

Garnett³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…The source of Re in Gothic shale is uncertain, but organic-rich marine shale is often enriched with Re because anoxic marine sediments with high organic carbon content can efficiently scavenge oxyanion trace elements such as Re, Os, U, and Mo (Peucker-Ehrenbrink and Hannigan 2000). Oxidative black shale weathering is considered an important source of Re to river and seawater (Dalai et al 2002;Jaffe et al 2002). A positive correlation between oxygen content and dissolved Re observed from our experiments indicates that Re was mobilized possibly by the oxidative dissolution of pyrite or other sulfide minerals containing Re (Miller et al 2011).…”

Section: Effect Of Oxygen On Gothic Shale-co 2 -Brine Interactionmentioning

confidence: 54%

FY12 ARRA-NRAP Report ? Studies to Support Risk Assessment of Geologic Carbon Sequestration

Cantrell¹,

Shao²,

Thompson³

et al. 2011

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SummaryThis report summarizes results of research conducted during FY 2012 to support the assessment of environmental risks associated with geologic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sequestration and storage. Several research focus areas are ongoing as part of this project. This includes the quantification of the leachability of metals and organic compounds from representative CO 2 storage reservoir and caprock materials, the fate of metals and organic compounds after release, and the development of a method to measure pH in situ under supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) conditions.Metal leachability experiments were completed on six different rock samples in brine in equilibrium with scCO 2 at representative geologic reservoir conditions. In general, the leaching of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 metals and other metals of concern was found to be limited and not likely to be a significant issue (at least, for the rocks tested). Metals leaching experiments were also completed on one rock sample with scCO 2 containing oxygen at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 4%, and 8% to simulate injection of CO 2 originating from the oxy-fuel combustion process. Significant differences in the leaching behavior of certain metals were observed when oxygen is present in the CO 2 . These differences resulted from oxidation of sulfides, release of sulfate, ferric iron and other metals, and subsequent precipitation of iron oxides and some sulfates such as barite.Experiments to evaluate the potential for mobilization of organic compounds from representative reservoir materials and cap rock and their fate in porous media (quartz sand) have been conducted. Results with Fruitland coal and Gothic shale indicate that lighter organic compounds were more susceptible to mobilization by scCO 2 compared to heavier compounds. Alkanes demonstrated very low extractability by scCO 2 . No significant differences were observed between the extractability of organic compounds by dry or water saturated scCO 2 . Reaction equilibrium appears to have been reached by 96 hours.When the scCO 2 was released from the reactor, less than 60% of the injected lighter compounds (benzene, toluene) were transported through the dry sand column by the CO 2 , while more than 90% of the heavier organics were trapped in the sand column. For wet sand columns, most (80% to 100%) of the organic compounds injected into the sand column passed through, except for naphthalene which was substantially removed from the CO 2 within the column.A spectrophotometric method was developed to measure pH in brines in contact with scCO 2 . This method provides an alternative to fragile glass pH electrodes and thermodynamic modeling approaches for estimating pH. The method was tested in simulated reservoir fluids (CO 2 -NaCl-H 2 O) at different temperatures, pressures, and ionic strengths, and the results were compared with other experimental studies and geochemical models. Measured pH values were generally in agreement with the models, but inconsistencies were present between some of the models.v

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“…For the annual average OC petro export of 82 t C km −2 yr −1 in river suspended load from Taiwan this suggests an OC petro oxidation flux ≤12 t C km −2 yr −1 . Second, the trace element rhenium provides a proxy for OC petro oxidation (Jaffe et al, 2002;Dalai et al, 2002) due to its association with organic matter in rocks (Selby et al, 2003) and its solubility upon chemical weathering (Colodner et al, 1993). Dissolved Re flux provides an estimate of OC petro oxidation rate in Taiwan of 7 t C km −2 yr −1 to 13 t C km −2 yr −1 .…”

Section: Flux Estimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding terrestrial organic carbon export : a time-series approach

Hemingway¹

2017

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Dissolved rhenium in the Yamuna river system and the Ganga in the Himalaya: role of black shale weathering on the budgets of Re, Os, and U in rivers and CO 2 in the atmosphere

Cited by 87 publications

References 38 publications

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

FY12 ARRA-NRAP Report ? Studies to Support Risk Assessment of Geologic Carbon Sequestration

Understanding terrestrial organic carbon export : a time-series approach

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Dissolved rhenium in the Yamuna river system and the Ganga in the Himalaya: role of black shale weathering on the budgets of Re, Os, and U in rivers and CO 2 in the atmosphere

Cited by 87 publications

References 38 publications

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

FY12 ARRA-NRAP Report ? Studies to Support Risk Assessment of Geologic Carbon Sequestration

Understanding terrestrial organic carbon export : a time-series approach

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Product

Resources

About

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks