Dissolved Organic Matter in Freshwaters

Perdue, Edward M.; Ritchie, Jason D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00509-x

Cited by 46 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…Most of the signals observed in negative electrospray ionization (ESI(−)) coupled to HRMS are carboxylic acids, 7 probably due to their abundance and tendency to easily ionize. 8 , 9 Other compound types (lignin polymers, polysaccharides, and proteins) 10 , 11 are characterized by lower or null ionization efficiency and are therefore underrepresented in HRMS studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Ionization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Electrospray

et al. 2020

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Electrospray ionization (ESI) operating in the negative mode coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry is the most popular technique for the characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The vast molecular heterogeneity and the functional group diversity of this complex mixture prevents the efficient ionization of the organic material by a single ionization source, so the presence of uncharacterized material is unavoidable. The extent of this poorly ionizable pool of carbon is unknown, is presumably variable between samples, and can only be assessed by the combination of analysis with a uniform detection method. Charged aerosol detection (CAD), whose response is proportional to the amount of nonvolatile material and is independent from the physicochemical properties of the analytes, is a suitable candidate. In this study, a fulvic acid mixture was fractionated and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in order to investigate the polarity and size distributions of highly and poorly ionizable material in the sample. Additionally, DOM samples of terrestrial and marine origins were analyzed to evaluate the variability of these pools across the land–sea aquatic continuum. The relative response factor values indicated that highly ionizable components of aquatic DOM mixtures are more hydrophilic and have lower molecular weight than poorly ionizable components. Additionally, a discrepancy between the samples of terrestrial and marine origins was found, indicating that marine samples are better represented by ESI than terrestrial samples, which have an abundant portion of hydrophobic poorly ionizable material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Ionization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Electrospray

et al. 2020

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“…The lowest stream DOC concentrations may occur during stormflow when perennial inputs of peatland runoff to streams are diluted by upland storm runoff (Buffam et al, 2007;Schiff et al, 1997;Urban et al, 2011). Nonetheless, average and maximum stream DOC concentrations in headwater catchments with boreal peatlands are often orders of magnitudes greater than concentrations in headwater catchments with mostly mineral soil uplands (Köhler et al, 2008;Perdue & Ritchie, 2005). In contrast to the known high concentrations, peatland DOM has been considered to have lower biodegradation rates relative to upland sources (Berggren et al, 2007;Berggren & del Giorgio, 2015;Freeman et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in two headwater peatland catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest, northern Minnesota,USA

Sebestyen

Funke

Cotner

2021

Hydrological Processes

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Where they are present in catchments, peatlands are a dominant source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to surrounding waterways due, in part, to high production rates. Despite the preponderance of peatlands in northern latitudes and expected peatland vulnerability to climate change, little is known about peatland DOM degradation relative to a more comprehensive understanding of degradation when DOM is sourced from upland-dominated catchments. We compared DOM biodegradability of various sources of stream water in two catchments having peatlands (22%-33% of the area) surrounded by upland forests (70%-90% of the area, either deciduous or coniferous). We measured total organic carbon (TOC), and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon concentrations; bacterial respiration rates; streamflow; and upland runoff during and after snowmelt (March to June, 2009-2011). We also explored if DOM in upland runoff stimulated biodegradation of peatland-derived DOM (i.e., a priming effect), and if forest cover type affected DOM biodegradability. As expected, the peatlands were the largest sources of both water (72%-80%) and TOC (92%-96%) to the streams although more area in each catchment was in uplands (70%-90%). Several results were unexpected, yet revealing: (1) DOM from peatlands sometimes had the same biodegradability as DOM from uplands, (2) upland sources of DOM had negligible effects on biodegradability in the peatland and downstream, and (3) upland deciduous cover did not yield more degradable DOM than conifer cover. The most pronounced effect of upland runoff was dilution of downstream TOC concentrations when there was upland runoff. Overall, the effects of upland DOM may have been negligible due to the overriding effect of the large amount of biodegradable DOM that originated in bogs. This research highlights that peatland-sourced DOM has important effects on downstream DOM biodegradability even in catchments where upland area is substantially larger than peatland area. K E Y W O R D S bog hydrology, dissolved organic matter, DOM biodegradability, DOM sources, northern peatlands, source areas in upland-peatland catchments, upland forest This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

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“…Initial water quality parameters were measured in the UF1X and RO concentrate (Table 1). TOC recovery during concentration with RO varied from 87 to 100% on a month-to-month basis, and UV 254 recovery, during concentration with RO, varied from 97 to 99%, which is typical of concentrating NOM through RO (Pressman et al 2010, Perdue & Ritchie 2003. While concentration factors varied for both TOC and UV 254 for the RO concentrate (Table 1), the average concentration factor following barium precipitation for both TOC and UV 254 over the course of the study was 130×.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reverse osmosis (RO) is one technique capable of producing highly concentrated, aqueous NOM whole mixtures advantageous for drinking water and toxicological research (Perdue & Ritchie 2003). Previous drinking water-related research efforts used UV 254 and TOC surrogates for NOM characterization in addition to evaluating whole mixtures of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in RO-concentrated NOM (Pressman et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterizing Ohio River NOM Variability and Reconstituted‐Lyophilized NOM as a Source Surrogate

2017

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Natural organic matter (NOM) was collected, concentrated, and lyophilized on a monthly basis for 15 months to create a temporal NOM library and assess seasonal variability of untreated Ohio River water. Using fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis, similar spectral components for both the ultrafiltered source water (UF1X) and reconstituted lyophilized NOM were observed in a two-component model throughout the study, with overall average emission and excitation wavelengths of 418 nm and 270 nm, respectively, for component 1 and 482 nm and 370 nm, respectively, for component 2. Fluorescence spectroscopy, high-pressure liquid chromatography-size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analysis indicated that the NOM was humic-like during the study with only small seasonal changes. Data from these analyses also demonstrated similarity between results for UF1X, reverse osmosis-concentrated NOM, and reconstituted-lyophilized NOM, validating the use of the reconstituted-lyophilized NOM as a surrogate for its source.

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Dissolved Organic Matter in Freshwaters

Cited by 46 publications

References 233 publications

Investigating the Ionization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Electrospray

Investigating the Ionization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Electrospray

Sources and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in two headwater peatland catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest, northern Minnesota,USA

Characterizing Ohio River NOM Variability and Reconstituted‐Lyophilized NOM as a Source Surrogate

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