Dissolved Constituents in Agricultural Drainage Waters

Zimmerman, Brett A.; Kaleita, Amy L.

doi:10.13031/trans.12051

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In addition, the partial derivatives can be calculated numerically at each frequency through finite difference methods (FDM). By employing equations (14) and (15) in equation 11, the covariance matrix can then be calculated as…”

Section: Covariance Matrix Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the concentration range of this work the conductivity follows a linear relationship with concentration for NaCl, NaNO 3 , and Na 2 SO 4 solutions. types and other contaminant species may be present [15]. To identify an ion and measure its concentration uniquely, therefore, requires judicious employment of the indicators.…”

Section: Ion-specific Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing studies of dielectric properties of aqueous solutions, however, have been limited by the lack of available data in the literature for very low, agriculturally-relevant concentration levels. For several important ions including sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ), and sodium sulphate (Na 2 SO 4 ) which are found in excess in agricultural tile drainage waters [15], the dielectric spectroscopy data do not span the relevant concentration levels which are on the order of millimoles per liter (mmol l −1 ). Furthermore, many of the existing data are subject to large uncertainties.…”

Section: Dielectric Measurement Of Low-concentration Aqueous Solution...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results shown in figures 5-7 demonstrate useful trends in static permittivity ε dc , relaxation time τ, and conductivity κ as potential indicators of ion concentration and type. In a real system, multiple ion types and other contaminant species may be present [15]. To identify an ion and measure its concentration uniquely, therefore, requires judicious employment of the indicators.…”

Section: Ion-specific Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectric measurement of low-concentration aqueous solutions: assessment of uncertainty and ion-specific responses

Gorji

Bowler

2018

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Excessive amounts of chemicals and ions flowing into water sources cause serious environmental and humanhealth related concerns. The lack of affordable and real-time monitoring systems for these contaminants limits effective conservation and management strategies. To establish a basis for developing an effective, fast, realtime, and affordable sensing system, dielectric spectroscopy method has been employed to characterize aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) at environmentally-relevant (low) concentrations. Dielectric spectra were measured over the frequency range from 200 MHz to 20 GHz, at temperature 25 ± 0.01 °C and for concentrations 0 to 20 mmol/L. The measured spectra were fitted with a Debye model using a non-linear, weighted, least-squares analysis. A method of judiciously exploiting the resulting fitting parameters is proposed, that allows the concentration and type of ions to be uniquely determined. Uncertainties due to random and systematic errors that contribute to the measured dielectric spectra and become critical in the context of low concentration aqueous solutions have been assessed. Furthermore, two methods of calculating associated uncertainties of the indicator parameters, viz. covariance matrix and Monte Carlo methods have been performed. The results show the numerical approach taken by Monte Carlo method, while yielding the same estimates, reduces the tediousness accompanied by analytical covariance matrix method.

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Section: Covariance Matrix Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ion-specific Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dielectric Measurement Of Low-concentration Aqueous Solution...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ion-specific Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectric measurement of low-concentration aqueous solutions: assessment of uncertainty and ion-specific responses

Gorji

Bowler

2018

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…Excessive amounts of unwanted chemicals and ions flowing into water sources are concerning, for environmental and human health-related reasons. Electrolyte solutions of nitrate (NO 3 − ), chloride (Cl − ), and sulfate (SO 4 2− ) ions in water are among the most common pollutants 1 that can cause serious environmental and human health problems. Understanding the dielectric properties of such electrolytes is of considerable interest, providing information about molecular (polarization) and ionic (charge-transport) dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static permittivity of environmentally relevant low-concentration aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4

Gorji

Bowler

2020

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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In this paper, the result of a systematic study and molecular mechanisms governing the dielectric spectra of aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO 3 , and Na 2 SO 4 with environmentally relevant concentrations (∼mmol/l) are presented, for frequencies from 200 MHz up to 20 GHz and at temperature 25.00 ± 0.01 ○ C. The measured spectra were fitted with a Debye relaxation model using a non-linear, weighted, least-squares analysis. Conductivity was measured independently to reduce uncertainty in obtaining other parameters by spectral fitting. Careful experimentation provided dielectric data of sufficiently low uncertainty to enable observation of polarization mechanisms that emerge only in the low-concentration regime. The data were fitted by a concentration-dependent parametric model that includes terms accounting for internal depolarizing fields and the solvent dilution effect (mixture relation), the kinetic depolarization effect, the dielectric saturation effect, and the Debye-Falkenhagen effect that accounts for the contribution of ionic atmosphere polarization. It has been shown that, in NaCl and NaNO 3 solutions at sufficiently low concentrations, the static permittivity increases due to the Debye-Falkenhagen effect. It has also been shown that, to calculate the number of irrotationally bound water molecules ZIB, the measured static permittivity values should be corrected to account for the contributions of kinetic depolarization and Debye-Falkenhagen effects. Otherwise, unrealistic values of ZIB are obtained. An explanation for the different strengths of the Debye-Falkenhagen effect observed for the different electrolyte solutions, essentially due to the electrophoretic effect and coordination number, is also presented.

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Current Research in Land, Water, and Agroecosystems: ASABE Journals 2017 Year in Review

Douglas-Mankin¹

2018

Transactions of the ASABE

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Abstract. This article highlights current research into land and water resources, agroecosystems, and agricultural production systems published by the Natural Resources and Environmental Systems (NRES) community of ASABE journals ( and ) in 2017. Context, scope, and key results of the published articles are reviewed and perhaps more importantly areas for increased research attention are recommended. This article describes experimental and modeling advances in hydrology, agroecosystems, climate change effects, soil erosion, agricultural irrigation, agricultural drainage, forest resource management, livestock systems, natural treatment systems, international water issues, and water quality topic areas. Three special collections were published (International Watershed Technology, Crop Modeling and Decision Support for Optimizing Use of Limited Water, and Advances in Drainage). Other focal areas included 14 articles relating to livestock waste management, 13 concerning irrigated agricultural systems, 8 addressing climate change effects on land, water, and agroecosystems, and 16 on various aspects of soil erosion measurement and modeling. Building on the articles reviewed from 2017 and toward a vision of future agroecosystems research, the NRES community of ASABE journals strives to expand its role in making new knowledge accessible to sustain agricultural and natural systems in a changing world. With this goal in mind, recommendations for future research needs are proposed with an emphasis on increased application of remote sensing data to agroecosystems research, improved assessment of agroecosystem resiliency and vulnerability to land and climate change, development of integrated models of agroecosystem services, meeting stubborn water management challenges in agricultural production systems, and focusing on publishing fully reproducible model results. Keywords: Agriculture, Climate change, Composting, Crop models, Crop water use, Crop yield, Drainage, Drought, Environment, Field experimentation, Food, Forest, Greenhouse gas emissions, Hydrologic modeling, Hydrology, Irrigation, Livestock, Manure management, Mode

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Dissolved Constituents in Agricultural Drainage Waters

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Dielectric measurement of low-concentration aqueous solutions: assessment of uncertainty and ion-specific responses

Dielectric measurement of low-concentration aqueous solutions: assessment of uncertainty and ion-specific responses

Static permittivity of environmentally relevant low-concentration aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4

Current Research in Land, Water, and Agroecosystems: ASABE Journals 2017 Year in Review

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