Dissolution, regeneration and ion-gel formation of agarose in room-temperature ionic liquids

Agarose processing in protic and mixed protic–aprotic ionic liquids: dissolution, regeneration and high conductivity, high strength ionogels

“…In fact, we have shown the suitability of certain aprotic imidazolium or pyridinium based ILs towards dissolution of agarose and preparation of ionogels therein. 29 Since the fluidities and attendant conductivity of protic ILs tend to be much higher than those of aprotic ILs, we report here a strategy of using mixed ILs ( protic + aprotic) in a way that not only leads to the higher dissolution of agarose, but to significantly increased conductivity and mechanical properties while remaining ionogels. In brief, we investigated the dissolution of agarose in neat alkyl or hydroxyalkyl ammonium formate ILs or their mixtures with imidazolium or pyridinium based ILs.…”

“…carbon nanotubes, silica, etc. ), polymers or combining organic-inorganic compounds and have been recently reviewed by Bideau et al 46 The processing of biopolymers with ILs has certain advantages such as dissolved materials can be easily regenerated without degradation using an antisolvent or ionogels can be achieved simply by cooling the solutions at ambient temperatures, 29 thus producing sustainable materials that can overcome the complexities pertaining to the processing techniques encountered in the case of organic polymer gels. Reports are available on ionogels obtained from the ILs and biopolymers, like agarose, cellulose, chitosan, starch or the hybrid systems of cellulose with starch or carrageenans, and their applications as useful materials have been demonstrated.…”

“…Reports are available on ionogels obtained from the ILs and biopolymers, like agarose, cellulose, chitosan, starch or the hybrid systems of cellulose with starch or carrageenans, and their applications as useful materials have been demonstrated. 29,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] Although the biopolymer based ionogels have been shown to have many advantages, certain important issues such as preventing leaching of the ILs from gel matrices at longer time scales, improving mechanical strength of ionogels without compromising on conducting nature or even the preparation of high conductivity, high stability ionogels that can be suitable for electrochemical devices still need to be addressed.…”

Properties and Customization of Sensor Materials for Biomedical Applications

“…In this regard, it is worthwhile to note the ability of ILs to solubilize biopolymers such as chitosain, agarose, keratin, dextran, pectin, and cellulose is of considerable interest (93,330). For instance, Ion-Jelly Ò may represent a valid route for the preparation of electrochemical sensors in which the matrix stabilizes the enzyme while also providing good mechanical and electrical properties (93). In addition, research into biopolymers may be beneficial for providing new materials for ISE membranes (compared to the traditional PVC and polyacrylates).…”

“…ILs can be classified within seven different families on the basis of the ionic structure (91), and typical cations are shown in Figure 2. Their properties depend dramatically on the cation-anion combination (83) and in this sense can be thought as 'designer' or 'fine-tunable' (92) as polarity, viscosity, thermal stability, conductivity, and solvent capacity can be tailored by thoughtful choice of cations and anions (85,93 4 ] is water soluble (94).…”