Dissolution of beryllium in artificial lung alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid

Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Virji, M. Abbas; Day, Gregory A.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.088

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Finally, the solubility of nanoparticles may be increased compared to the same mass of larger particles due to the increased available surface of nanoparticles. Even poorly soluble particles may be sufficiently soluble in the acidic fluid inside lung alveolar macrophages to trigger a biological effect as has been shown for immune responses associated with chronic beryllium disease (Stefaniak et al 2011). The range of possible dose metrics illustrates that toxicity studies need to provide sufficient particle characterization to convert among the various dose metrics, which would facilitate hypothesis testing and identification of the most predictive dose metric.…”

Section: Discussion and Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of risk-based nanomaterial groups for occupational exposure control

et al. 2012

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Given the almost limitless variety of nanomaterials, it will be virtually impossible to assess the possible occupational health hazard of each nanomaterial individually. The development of science-based hazard and risk categories for nanomaterials is needed for decision-making about exposure control practices in the workplace. A possible strategy would be to select representative (benchmark) materials from various mode of action (MOA) classes, evaluate the hazard and develop risk estimates, and then apply a systematic comparison of new nanomaterials with the benchmark materials in the same MOA class. Poorly soluble particles are used here as an example to illustrate quantitative risk assessment methods for possible benchmark particles and occupational exposure control groups, given mode of action and relative toxicity. Linking such benchmark particles to specific exposure control bands would facilitate the translation of health hazard and quantitative risk information to the development of effective exposure control practices in the workplace. A key challenge is obtaining sufficient dose-response data, based on standard testing, to systematically evaluate the nanomaterials' physical-chemical factors influencing their biological activity. Categorization processes involve both science-based analyses and default assumptions in the absence of substance-specific information. Utilizing data and information from related materials may facilitate initial determinations of exposure control systems for nanomaterials.

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Section: Discussion and Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of risk-based nanomaterial groups for occupational exposure control

et al. 2012

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] Some have even used macrophage phagolysosomal fluids which trend away from neutral pH to pH near 4.5. 8,9 In 1999, Ansoborlo et.al. 2 reviewed in vitro dissolution methods and recommended two simultaneous tests with two different solvents.…”

Section: Icrp Publication 66mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Dissolution Tests of Plutonium and Americium Containing Contamination Originating From ZPPR Fuel Plates

Bauer¹,

Schuetz²,

Huestis³

et al. 2012

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Assessing the extent of internal dose is of concern whenever workers are exposed to airborne radionuclides or other contaminants. Internal dose determinations depend upon a reasonable estimate of the expected biological half-life of the contaminants in the respiratory tract. One issue with refractory elements is determining the dissolution rate of the element. Actinides such as plutonium (Pu) and Americium (Am) tend to be very refractory and can have biological half-lives of tens of years. In the event of an exposure, the dissolution rates of the radionuclides of interest needs to be assessed in order to assign the proper internal dose estimates. During the November 2011 incident at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) involving a ZPPR fuel plate, air filters in a constant air monitor (CAM) and a giraffe filter apparatus captured airborne particulate matter. These filters were used in dissolution rate experiments to determine the apparent dissolution half-life of Pu and Am in simulated biological fluids. This report describes these experiments and the results. The dissolution rates were found to follow a three term exponential decay equation. Differences were noted depending upon the nature of the biological fluid simulant. Overall, greater than 95% of the Pu and 93% of the Am were in a very slow dissolving component with dissolution half-lives of over 10 years.

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“…The long-term bertrandite dissolution rates in PSF (via surface reactions) are a more appropriate indicator of lung persistence (Table 1). Our measured rates were two to three orders of magnitude slower than previously measured for beryllium metal powder (5.2 ± 0.2 9 10 -7 g/(cm 2 Áday)) and beryllium oxide powder (3.6 ± 0.4 9 10 -8 g/(cm 2 Áday)) sampled from work processes associated with elevated prevalence of CBD (Stefaniak et al 2011). Development of CBD is associated with formation of granulomas in the lung alveoli over a period of years (Sawyer and Maier 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Topical skin application of beryllium oxide particles has been shown to induce sensitization in mice (Tinkle et al 2003). Beryllium oxide dissolution rates in artificial sweat are 1.2 ± 0.1 9 10 -9 and 5.3 ± 0.2 9 10 -11 g/(cm 2 Áday) at pH 5.3 and 6.5, respectively (Stefaniak et al 2011). The beryllium dissolution rates for the Monitor and Blue Chalk pit bertrandite ores in artificial sweat (Table 1) buffered to pH 5.3 are a factor of three to six times faster than beryllium oxide, whereas at pH 6.5, rates for these ores are an order of magnitude faster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research is ongoing to investigate linkages among beryllium exposure to material physicochemical properties, bioaccessibility, and development of sensitization and CBD (Finch et al 1988a;Hoover et al 1989;Stefaniak et al , 2011Huang et al 2011). These efforts have largely focused on processed beryllium compounds, some of which have epidemiological associations with sensitization and disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Release of beryllium from mineral ores in artificial lung and skin surface fluids

Duling

Stefaniak

Lawrence

et al. 2011

Environ Geochem Health

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Exposure to some manufactured beryllium compounds via skin contact or inhalation can cause sensitization. A portion of sensitized persons who inhale beryllium may develop chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Little is understood about exposures to naturally occurring beryllium minerals. The purpose of this study was to assess the bioaccessibility of beryllium from bertrandite ore. Dissolution of bertrandite from two mine pits (Monitor and Blue Chalk) was evaluated for both the dermal and inhalation exposure pathways by determining bioaccessibility in artificial sweat (pH 5.3 and pH 6.5), airway lining fluid (SUF, pH 7.3), and alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid (PSF, pH 4.5). Significantly more beryllium was released from Monitor pit ore than Blue Chalk pit ore in artificial sweat buffered to pH 5.3 (0.88 ± 0.01% vs. 0.36 ± 0.00%) and pH 6.5 (0.09 ± 0.00% vs. 0.03 ± 0.01%). Rates of beryllium released from the ores in artificial sweat were faster than previously measured for manufactured forms of beryllium (e.g., beryllium oxide), known to induce sensitization in mice. In SUF, levels of beryllium were below the analytical limit of detection. In PSF, beryllium dissolution was biphasic (initial rapid diffusion followed by latter slower surface reactions). During the latter phase, dissolution half-times were 1,400 to 2,000 days, and rate constants were ~7 × 10(-10) g/(cm(2)·day), indicating that bertrandite is persistent in the lung. These data indicate that it is prudent to control skin and inhalation exposures to bertrandite dusts.

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Dissolution of beryllium in artificial lung alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Development of risk-based nanomaterial groups for occupational exposure control

Development of risk-based nanomaterial groups for occupational exposure control

In Vitro Dissolution Tests of Plutonium and Americium Containing Contamination Originating From ZPPR Fuel Plates

Release of beryllium from mineral ores in artificial lung and skin surface fluids

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