Dissolution Kinetics of Gallstones: Physical Model Approach

Higuchi, William I.; Sjuib, Fauzi; Mufson, Daniel; Simonelli, Anthony P.; Hofmann, Alan F.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600620617

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The difference between the estimated and experimental results might easily result from higher saturation or higher bile viscosity. Thus in contrast with earlier studies (17), our results suggest that gallstone dissolution is diffusion controlled. If this is correct, greatly accelerating gallstone dissolution will be difficult.…”

Section: And Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Accelerating Gallstone Dissolution

Tao

Cussler

Evans

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The dissolution rates of cholesterol in model bile salt solutions are controlled by diffusion in slowly flowing bile and by interfacial kinetics in rapidly flowing bile. At low flow, dissolution varies with the square root of bile flow and can be predicted, apriori, from existing correlations of mass transfer. At high bile flow, dissolution is independent of bile flow and is probably dominated by the rate of micelle adsorption. These results show that cholesterol gallstone dissolution, a potential nonsurgical therapy for cholelithiasis, can be accelerated little in slow bile, but more significantly in rapidly flowing bile.

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Section: And Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Accelerating Gallstone Dissolution

Tao

Cussler

Evans

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Subsequent studies examined the dissolution of hydrocortisone in simple and mixed micellar systems and determined that wetting was the predominant factor that improved the rate of dissolution in simple bile salt micelles, whereas solubilization appeared to be major mechanism for improving dissolution in the mixed micellar systems. 59 The solubility and dissolution of cholesterol in bile salts has been extensively studied by Higuchi et al [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] Although these studies were targeted towards understanding gallstone dissolution, they provide valuable data regarding the dissolution of highly lipophilic compounds. Dissolution was facilitated by simple bile salt micelles, although addition of lecithin to form mixed micelles markedly decreased dissolution in spite of improved solubility.…”

Section: The Role Of Bile In Drug Dissolution and Solubilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical and Physiological Mechanisms for the Effects of Food on Drug Absorption: The Role of Lipids and pH

Charman

Porter

Mithani

et al. 1997

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

544

343

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Drugs are absorbed after oral administration as a consequence of a complex array of interactions between the drug, its formulation, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The presence of food within the GI tract impacts significantly on transit profiles, pH, and its solubilization capacity. Consequently, food would be expected to affect the absorption of co-administered drugs when their physicochemical properties are sensitive to these changes. The physicochemical basis by which ingested food/lipids induce changes in the GI tract and influence drug absorption are reviewed. The process of lipid digestion is briefly reviewed and considered in the context of the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. The effect of food on GI pH is reviewed in terms of location (stomach, upper and lower small intestine) and the temporal relationship between pH and drug absorption. Case studies are presented in which postprandial changes in bioavailability are rationalized in terms of the sensitivity of the physicochemical properties of the administered drug to the altered GI environment.

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“…An analysis of the kinetics of gallstone dissolution by William Higuchi indicated that the reduction in diameter induced by the presence of unsaturated bile occurred independently of size ( 426 ). Thus, the bigger the stone, the longer the time needed for complete dissolution.…”

Section: Gallstone Dissolution By Oral Bile Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key discoveries in bile acid chemistry and biology and their clinical applications: history of the last eight decades

Hofmann

Hagey

2014

Journal of Lipid Research

298

284

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conceptions are rare, and provocative judgments stand the test of time. Let us also hope that this effort will be both useful and entertaining. Each of the topics discussed merits at least a full length article, so there will be, of necessity in many instances, consideration of only what we perceive to be the highlights. THE EBB AND FLOW OF MEDICAL INTEREST IN BILE ACIDSAfter the elucidation of the true chemical structure of bile acids in 1932 (see below), there was little interest in bile acids in the Western world. One exception to this statement was the laboratory of Siegfried Thannhauser, who wrote the fi rst textbook of metabolic biochemistry in Germany. He studied cholesterol and bile acid balance in the biliary fi stula dog ( 1 ). During this time, bile acids were sold as liver tonics and laxatives, but there were no placebo-controlled studies showing effi cacy. Indeed, bile acids were considered by the medical profession to have no useful therapeutic properties. The tri-oxo derivative of cholic acid (called "dehydrocholic acid") was known to induce bile fl ow in animals ( 2 ), and was occasionally used to stimulate bile fl ow in patients; but again there were no controlled studies showing effi cacy in hepatobiliary disease.

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Dissolution Kinetics of Gallstones: Physical Model Approach

Cited by 35 publications

References 11 publications

Accelerating Gallstone Dissolution

Accelerating Gallstone Dissolution

Physicochemical and Physiological Mechanisms for the Effects of Food on Drug Absorption: The Role of Lipids and pH

Key discoveries in bile acid chemistry and biology and their clinical applications: history of the last eight decades

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