Dissolution behavior and surface tension effects of organic compounds in nucleating cloud droplets

Shulman, Michelle L.; Jacobson, Michael C.; Carlson, R. R.; Synovec, Robert E.; Young, Toby E.

doi:10.1029/95gl03810

Cited by 480 publications

(554 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

526

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Curves based on the modified Kohler equation (Shulman et al, 1996;Laaksonen et al, 1998) illustrate the water saturation required to activate particles containing slightly soluble components (SSCs). According to modified Kohler theory, the saturation ratio of water (S w ) for a particle containing an insoluble, slightly soluble, and highly soluble component is expressed as …”

Section: Equilibrium (Kohler) Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dust composition on cloud droplet formation

Kelly

Chuang

Wexler

2007

Atmospheric Environment

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies suggest that interactions between dust particles and clouds are significant; yet the conditions where dust particles can serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are uncertain. Since major dust components are insoluble, the CCN activity of dust strongly depends on the presence of minor components. However, many minor components measured in dust particles are overlooked in cloud modeling studies. Some of these compounds are believed to be products of heterogeneous reactions involving carbonates. In this study, we calculate with diameters between about 0.6 and 2 µm under some conditions. Dust particles > 2 µm often activate regardless of their composition. Only under very specialized conditions does the addition of a dust distribution into a rising parcel containing fine (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 particles significantly reduce the total number of activated particles via water competition. Effects of dust on cloud saturation and droplet number via water competition are generally smaller than those reported previously for sea salt. Large numbers of fine dust CCN can significantly enhance the number of activated particles under certain conditions. Improved representations of dust mineralogy and reactions in global aerosol models could improve predictions of the effects of aerosol on climate.

show abstract

Section: Equilibrium (Kohler) Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dust composition on cloud droplet formation

Kelly

Chuang

Wexler

2007

Atmospheric Environment

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Theory predicts that the activation of CCN depends strongly on their composition. Organic compounds can provide solute to the particle aqueous phase, affecting the water activity (Shulman et al 1996;Laaksonen et al 1998) and can directly affect particle surface tension (Facchini et al 2000). Both of these effects alter the thermodynamic equilibrium of CCN with water vapor (so-called Köhler curve).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud Activating Properties of Aerosol Observed during CELTIC

Stroud

Nenes

Jimenez³

et al. 2007

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Measurements of aerosol size distribution, chemical composition, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration were performed during the Chemical Emission, Loss, Transformation, and Interactions with Canopies (CELTIC) field program at Duke Forest in North Carolina. A kinetic model of the cloud activation of ambient aerosol in the chamber of the CCN instrument was used to perform an aerosol-CCN closure study. This study advances prior investigations by employing a novel fitting algorithm that was used to integrate scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements of aerosol number size distribution and aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements of the mass size distribution for sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and organics into a single, coherent description of the ambient aerosol in the size range critical to aerosol activation (around 100-nm diameter). Three lognormal aerosol size modes, each with a unique internally mixed composition, were used as input into the kinetic model. For the two smaller size modes, which control CCN number concentration, organic aerosol mass fractions for the defined cases were between 58% and 77%. This study is also unique in that the water vapor accommodation coefficient was estimated based on comparing the initial timing for CCN activation in the instrument chamber with the activation predicted by the kinetic model. The kinetic model overestimated measured CCN concentrations, especially under polluted conditions. Prior studies have attributed a positive model bias to an incomplete understanding of the aerosol composition, especially the role of organics in the activation process. This study shows that including measured organic mass fractions with an assumed organic aerosol speciation profile (pinic acid, fulvic acid, and levoglucosan) and an assumed organic aerosol solubility of 0.02 kg kg Ϫ1 still resulted in a significant model positive bias for polluted case study periods. The slope and y intercept for the CCN predicted versus CCN observed regression was found to be 1.9 and Ϫ180 cm Ϫ3 , respectively. The overprediction generally does not exceed uncertainty limits but is indicative that a bias exists in the measurements or application of model. From this study, uncertainties in the particle number and mass size distributions as the cause for the model bias can be ruled out. The authors are also confident that the model is including the effects of growth kinetics on predicted activated number. However, one cannot rule out uncertainties associated with poorly characterized CCN measurement biases, uncertainties in assumed organic solubility, and uncertainties in aerosol mixing state. Sensitivity simulations suggest that assuming either an insoluble organic fraction or external aerosol mixing were both sufficient to reconcile the model bias.

show abstract

“…Oxidative degradation of anthropogenic or biogenic volatile organic compounds by tropospheric oxidants and/or primary traffic emissions have been proposed as the origins of dicarboxylic acids (Kawamura and Kaplan, 1987;Kawamura et al, 1996a;Warneck, P., 2003). Owing to high water solubility, the WSOC, especially diacids, have a potential to modify the surface tension and hygroscopic properties of atmospheric particles including particle size and cloud condensation nuclei activity (Shulman et al, 1996;Cruz and Pandis, 1998;Jacobson et al, 2000). Dicarboxylic acids in total suspended particulates (TSP) and PM 10 have been extensively measured in urban (Kawamura and Ikushima, 1993;Kawamura et al, 1996c;Khwaja, 1995;Kerminen et al, 2000;Yao et al, 2002;Fraser et al, 2002;Li and Yu, 2005), continental background (Limbeck and Puxbaum, 1999;Falkovich et al, 2005), and remote atmosphere (Kawamura and Usukura, 1993;Kawamura and Sakaguchi, 1999;Kawamura et al, 1996a, b;Kerminen et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls in the urban roadside area of Hong Kong

Lee

Cao

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

150

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Homologous dicarboxylic acids (C 2 -C 12 ), ketocarboxylic acids (ωC 2 -ωC 9 , pyruvic acid) and dicarbonyls (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) have been studied in the urban aerosol samples (PM 2.5 ) collected from the Hong Kong roadside atmosphere during winter and summer of 2003 using a capillary GC and GC-MS method. The concentrations of total dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls were higher in winter than in summer (except for some species like phthalic acid, Ph).Oxalic (C 2 ) acid was found as the most abundant species in summer, followed by Ph.Oxalic (C 2 ) acid was also found as the most abundant species in winter, but followed by malonic (C 3 ) acid. The C 2 diacid comprised 28-66 % of the total diacid concentrations. The diacids with higher carbon numbers were less abundant, although C 9 diacid was relatively abundant (2 %). Glyoxylic acid (ωC 2 ) and methylglyoxal were found as the most abundant ketocarboxylic acid and dicarbonyl in both seasons, * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-852-27666011; fax: +86-852-23346389. E-mail address: ceslee@polyu.edu.hk (S.C. Lee).2 respectively. The concentrations of the total diacids, total ketoacids and total dicarbonyls ranged from 224 to 1381 ng m -3 , 10 to 89 ng m -3 and 5 to 21 ng m -3 , respectively. Their relative abundances in PM 2.5 mass were 1.18 %, 0.06 % and 0.02 %, respectively. High concentrations of toluene (winter: 33.8 µg m -3 ; summer: 41.3 µg m -3 ) and naphthalenes (winter: 1.2 µg m -3 ; summer: 1.9 µg m -3 ) observed were one possible source for the abundant phthalic and also methylmaleic acids detected.

show abstract

Dissolution behavior and surface tension effects of organic compounds in nucleating cloud droplets

Cited by 480 publications

References 17 publications

Influence of dust composition on cloud droplet formation

Influence of dust composition on cloud droplet formation

Cloud Activating Properties of Aerosol Observed during CELTIC

Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls in the urban roadside area of Hong Kong

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About