Dissociative Tendencies, Attention, and Memory

DePrince, Anne P.; Freyd, Jennifer J.

doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00185

Cited by 149 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Consistent with past research using a surprise recall task after instructing participants to ignore the words, participants remembered only a small percentage of the words (e.g., 4 %-10 %; Baddeley, Lewis, Eldridge, & Thomson, 1984;DePrince & Freyd, 1999). Analyses did not show a relationship between cognitive narrowing and condition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Neural activity underlying motor-action preparation and cognitive narrowing in approach-motivated goal states

Gable

Threadgill

Adams³

2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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High-approach-motivated (pre-goal) positive affect states encourage tenacious goal pursuit and narrow cognitive scope. As such, high approach-motivated states likely enhance the neural correlates of motor-action preparation to aid in goal acquisition. These neural correlates may also relate to the cognitive narrowing associated with high approach-motivated states. In the present study, we investigated motor-action preparation during pre-goal and post-goal states using an index of beta suppression over the motor cortex. The results revealed that beta suppression was greatest in pre-goal positive states, suggesting that higher levels of motor-action preparation occur during high approach-motivated positive states. Furthermore, beta and alpha suppression in the high approachmotivated positive states predicted greater cognitive narrowing. These results suggest that approach-motivated pre-goal states engage the neural substrates of motor-action preparation and cognitive narrowing. Individual differences in motor-action preparation relate to the degree of cognitive narrowing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Neural activity underlying motor-action preparation and cognitive narrowing in approach-motivated goal states

Gable

Threadgill

Adams³

2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…However, a number of findings go against the latter interpretation. HDHS participants exhibited superior baseline cognitive control, whereas high dissociative individuals commonly exhibit attentional deficits in control conditions (DePrince & Freyd, 1999;Giesbrecht & Merckelbach, 2009;Giesbrecht, Merckelbach, Geraerts, & Smeets, 2004). This is commensurate with the observed positive, albeit non-significant, correlation demonstrating poorer baseline conflict adaptation among high dissociative LS participants and our own recent finding that high and low dissociative individuals do not exhibit di↵erent sequential congruency e↵ects (Terhune, Cardeña, & Lindgren, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociated control as a signature of typological variability in high hypnotic suggestibility

Terhune

Cardeña

Lindgren

2011

Consciousness and Cognition

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This study tested the prediction that dissociative tendencies modulate the impact of a hypnotic induction on cognitive control in di↵erent subtypes of highly suggestible individuals. Low suggestible (LS), low dissociative highly suggestible (LDHS), and high dissociative highly suggestible (HDHS) participants completed the Stroop colornaming task in control and hypnosis conditions. The magnitude of conflict adaptation (faster response times on incongruent trials preceded by an incongruent than those preceded by a congruent trial) was used as a measure of cognitive control. LS and LDHS participants displayed marginally superior up-regulation of cognitive control following a hypnotic induction, whereas HDHS participants' performance declined. These findings indicate that dissociative tendencies modulate the influence of a hypnotic induction on cognitive control in high hypnotic suggestibility and suggest that HS individuals are comprised of distinct subtypes with dissimilar cognitive profiles.

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“…In turn, when dividing their attention, high dissociators remember fewer abuse-related words than low dissociators (DePrince & Freyd, 1999, 2001. Thus, when allowed to divide attention, high levels of dissociation seem to help people keep abuse-related information out of awareness (DePrince & Freyd, 1999, 2001Becker-Blease & DePrince, in press). While these studies did not examine memory and revictimization, failure to recall trauma-related information may increase revictimization risk to the extent that high dissociators fail to track threatening information.…”

Section: Dissociation and Revictimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research suggests that dissociation and basic attention performance are related. Participants (aged 18-21) who scored high on a dissociation measure performed better on a reaction time task when dividing their attention compared to focusing their attention; participants who scored low on dissociation performed better when focusing their attention (DePrince & Freyd, 1999). In turn, when dividing their attention, high dissociators remember fewer abuse-related words than low dissociators (DePrince & Freyd, 1999, 2001.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Participants (aged 18-21) who scored high on a dissociation measure performed better on a reaction time task when dividing their attention compared to focusing their attention; participants who scored low on dissociation performed better when focusing their attention (DePrince & Freyd, 1999). In turn, when dividing their attention, high dissociators remember fewer abuse-related words than low dissociators (DePrince & Freyd, 1999, 2001. Thus, when allowed to divide attention, high levels of dissociation seem to help people keep abuse-related information out of awareness (DePrince & Freyd, 1999, 2001 Becker-Blease & DePrince, in press).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Cognition and Revictimization Risk

DePrince¹

2005

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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116

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ABSTRACT. The ability to accurately detect violations in social contracts likely helps people to avoid or to withdraw from relationships in which they are at risk of being cheated or harmed. Betrayal trauma theory argues that detecting violations of social contracts may be counter-productive to survival under certain conditions, such as when a victim is dependent on a perpetrator. When dependent on a perpetrator (as in the case of child abuse perpetrated by a caregiver), the victim may be better able to preserve the necessary attachment with the caregiver by remaining unaware of the abuse. Thus, the victim may develop a compromised capacity to detect violations of social contracts in the caregiving relationship. Over time, the victim may develop more generalized problems detecting violations in social exchange rules; in turn, generalized problems in detecting violations of social contracts may increase risk for later victimization. Participants in the current study were asked to detect violations in three types of conditional (if-then) rules: abstract, social contract (rules involving a social exchange), and precautionary (rules involving safety). Young adults who reported experiences of revictimization made more errors on social contract and precautionary problems than a no revictimization group; group performance did not differ for abstract problems, suggesting these findings are not explained by general deficits in conditional reasoning. Pathological dissociation significantly predicted errors on social contract and precautionary problems. [ A range of deleterious consequences has been associated with child maltreatment, ranging from mental health to physical health problems. Childhood maltreatment predicts not only mental and physical health consequences, but also places the individual at risk for future victimization (e.g., Browne & Finkelhor, 1986;Cloitre, 1998;Cloitre, Tardiff, Marzuk, Leon, & Potera, 1996;Polusny & Follette, 1995;Wyatt, Guthrie, Notgrass, 1992). Links between childhood maltreatment, particularly sexual abuse, and later sexual victimization have been clearly established (for a review, see Arata, 2002). Retrospective research on revictimization has tended to focus on the relationship between child sexual abuse and later sexual assault in samples of adolescent and young adult females across settings including college (e.g., Arata, 2000;Gidycz, Coble, Latham, & Layman, 1993;Gidycz, Hanson, & Layman, 1995), community (e.g., Dancu, Riggs, Hearst-Ikeda, Shoyer, & Foa, 1996Wyatt et al., 1992;Russell, 1986) and treatment (e.g., Cloitre et al., 1996). Though studies vary in their methods and definitions of victimization, this body of research suggests that females sexually abused in childhood are at two to three times the risk of experiencing later sexual victimization (Arata, 2002) with a moderate effect size of .59 (Roodman & Clum, 2001).While much of the literature has focused on sexual revictimization, researchers are increasingly including both sexual and physical maltreatment in studies of...

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Dissociative Tendencies, Attention, and Memory

Cited by 149 publications

References 18 publications

Neural activity underlying motor-action preparation and cognitive narrowing in approach-motivated goal states

Neural activity underlying motor-action preparation and cognitive narrowing in approach-motivated goal states

Dissociated control as a signature of typological variability in high hypnotic suggestibility

Social Cognition and Revictimization Risk

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