Dissociative experiences differentiate bipolar-II from unipolar depressed patients: The mediating role of cyclothymia and the Type A behaviour speed and impatience subscale

Oedegaard, Ketil J.; Neckelmann, Dag; Benazzi, Franco; Syrstad, Vigdis Elin Giæver; Akiskal, Hagop S.; Fasmer, Ole Bernt

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.018

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the same study, 51.2% of the BD group and 23.7% of the control group scored over 30 on the DES scale. In another study, dissociative experiences differentiated BD-II from unipolar depressed patients 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dissociative experiences in bipolar disorder II: Are they related to childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

Eryılmaz¹,

Kesebir²,

Gül³

et al. 2015

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Saulo)

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Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of dissociative symptoms and whether they are related to childhood trauma and obsessive--compulsive symptoms in bipolar disorder type II (BD-II). Methods: Thirty-three euthymic patients (HDRS<8, YMRS<5) and 50 healthy subjects were evaluated by SCID-I and SCID-NP. We excluded all first and second-axis comorbidities. All patients and healthy subjects were examined with the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-53), and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder scale (Y-BOCS). Results: In pairwise comparisons between the BD-II and control groups, the total CTQ, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, DES, and total Y-BOCS scores in the BD-II group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). There were five cases with DES scores over 30 (15.2%) and one case (2%) in the control group. DES was weakly correlated with total CTQ and Y-BOCS in patients diagnosed with BD-II (r = 0.278, p < 0.05 and r = 0.217, p < 0.05, respectively). While there was no correlation between total CTQ and Y-BOCS, the CTQ sexual abuse subscale was found to be related to Y-BOCS (r = 0.330, p < 0.05). Discussion: These results suggest that there is a relation between childhood traumas and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, or that dissociative symptoms are more associated with anxiety than obsessive symptoms, which prevents the increase of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in BD-II.Eryilmaz G et al. / Arch Clin Psychiatry. 2015;42(2):38-40

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dissociative experiences in bipolar disorder II: Are they related to childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

Eryılmaz¹,

Kesebir²,

Gül³

et al. 2015

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Saulo)

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“…In patients with additional mental disorders, levels of dissociation were found to be elevated in comparison with healthy controls. These disorders include anxiety and panic disorders, 9 affective disorders 10 and obsessivecompulsive disorder. 11 It is plausible that dissociative features such as disturbed consciousness or memory hamper learning and thereby impede the effectiveness of therapies that rely on learning (e.g., cognitive restructuring and exposure).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain sensitivity and neural processing during dissociative states in patients with borderline personality disorder with and without comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study

Ludäscher

Valerius

Stiglmayr

et al. 2010

jpn

108

113

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Background: Stress-induced dissociative states involving analgesia are a common feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our aim was to investigate the psychologic, somatosensory (pain sensitivity) and neural correlates of dissociative states in patients with these disorders. Methods: We included 15 women with BPD who were not taking medication; 10 of these women had comorbid PTSD. While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 Tesla, participants were exposed to a script describing a personalized dissociation-inducing situation and a personalized script describing a neutral situation. We assessed dissociative psychopathology and pain sensitivity. Results: Dissociative psychopathology scores were significantly higher and pain sensitivity was lower after the dissociation-inducing script was read compared with the neutral script. The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal was significantly increased in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area [BA] 9) during the presentation of the dissociationinducing script. Regression analyses revealed positive correlations between BOLD signal and dissociative psychopathology in the left superior frontal gyrus (BA 6) and negative correlations in the right middle (BA 21) and inferior temporal gyrus (BA 20). In the subgroup of participants with comorbid PTSD, we also found increased activity in the left cingulate gyrus (BA 32) during script-driven imagery-induced dissociation, a positive correlation between dissociation scores and activity in the right and left insula (BA 13) and a negative correlation in the right parahippocampal gyrus (BA 35). Limitations: The main limitation of this pilot study is the absence of a control group. Therefore, the results may also reflect the neural correlates of non-BPD/PTSD specific dissociative states or the neural correlates of emotionally stressful or "loaded" memories. Another limitation is the uncorrected statistical level of the functional magnetic resonance imaging results. Conclusion: Our results showed that the script-driven imagery method is capable of inducing dissociative states in participants with BPD with and without comorbid PTSD. These states were characterized by reduced pain sensitivity and a fronto limbic activation pattern, which resembles the findings in participants with PTSD while in dissociative states.

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“…BT was evaluated using the criteria by the Akiskal and Mallya Affective Temperaments questionnaires [7]. However, because Gassab et al [8] reported that hyperthyrmic and cyclothymic temperaments were related with bipolar disorder, we only evaluated hyperthyrmic and cyclothymic temperaments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship with Bipolar Temperament and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Alzheimer’s Disease

Tanaka¹

2014

Brain Disord Ther

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Dissociative experiences differentiate bipolar-II from unipolar depressed patients: The mediating role of cyclothymia and the Type A behaviour speed and impatience subscale

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Dissociative experiences in bipolar disorder II: Are they related to childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

Dissociative experiences in bipolar disorder II: Are they related to childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

Pain sensitivity and neural processing during dissociative states in patients with borderline personality disorder with and without comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study

Relationship with Bipolar Temperament and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Alzheimer’s Disease

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