Dissociation of task engagement and arousal effects in auditory cortex and midbrain

Saderi, Daniela; Schwartz, Zachary; Heller, Charles R.; Pennington, Jacob R; David, Stephen V.

doi:10.7554/elife.60153

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…Central auditory processing of target sounds is influenced by multiple factors, such as background noise ( Binkhamis et al, 2019; Billings et al, 2020; Song et al, 2011 ), task engagement ( Saderi et al, 2021; Shaheen et al, 2021 ), attention ( Saiz-Alía et al, 2019; Price and Bidelman, 2021 ), and arousal state ( Mai et al, 2019; Saderi et al, 2021 ). These factors may interact to modulate sound processing differentially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central auditory processing of target sounds is influenced by multiple factors, such as background noise (Binkhamis, Léger, Bell, Prendergast, O’Driscoll and Kluk, 2019; Billings, Gordon, McMillan, Gallun, Molis and Konrad-Martin, 2020; Song, Skoe, Banai and Kraus, 2011), task engagement (Saderi, Schwartz, Heller, Pennington and David, 2021; Shaheen, Slee and David, 2021), attention (Saiz-Alía, Forte and Reichenbach, 2019; Price and Bidelman, 2021), and arousal state (Mai, Schoof and Howell, 2019; Saderi et al, 2021). These factors may interact to modulate sound processing differentially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brainstem speech encoding is dynamically shaped online by fluctuations in corticalαstate

Lai

Price

Bidelman

2022

Preprint

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Experimental evidence in animals demonstrates cortical neurons innervate subcortex bilaterally to tune brainstem auditory coding. Yet, the role of the descending (corticofugal) auditory system in modulating earlier sound processing in humans during speech perception remains unclear. Here, we measured EEG activity as listeners performed speech identification tasks in different backgrounds aiming to tax perceptual and attentional processing. Brainstem speech coding might be tied to attention and arousal states (indexed by cortical α power) that actively modulate the interplay of brainstem-cortical signal processing. When speech-evoked brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs) were categorized according to their α states, low α FFRs in noise were found to be weaker, correlated positively with behavioral response times, more "decodable" via classifiers, and associated indirectly with other signal-in-noise perceptual performance. Our data provide evidence for online corticofugal interplay in humans and establish that brainstem sensory representations are continuously yoked to the ebb and flow of cortical states to dynamically update perceptual processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem speech encoding is dynamically shaped online by fluctuations in corticalαstate

Lai

Price

Bidelman

2022

Preprint

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“…Global arousal, controlled by neuromodulatory systems that make up the reticular activating system (Aston-Jones & Cohen, 2005;McGinley, Vinck, et al, 2015), is thought to be a key physiological mediator of the effects of motivation on attentional intensity. Some evidence, consistent with traditional metabolic and capacity theories, argues that increased arousal is associated with increased attentional performance (Hasselmo & McGaughy, 2004;Massar et al, 2016;Parikh et al, 2007;Saderi et al, 2021). Other evidence suggests just the opposite, that high arousal is associated with task disengagement, and thus that improved attention occurs with lower arousal (Aston-Jones & Cohen, 2005;Gilzenrat et al, 2010;Jepma & Nieuwenhuis, 2011;Usher et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Strategic stabilization of arousal boosts sustained attention

Gee

Mridha

Hudson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To meet their survival needs, organisms must continuously select which sensory stimuli to attend to and decide how much attention to pay. Attention’s selective aspect has been a cornerstone of behavioral and physiological study, whereas attentional intensity is poorly understood. Autonomic arousal is thought to strongly influence attentional intensity, but evidence is lacking, including regarding if and how organisms self-regulate their arousal to match attentional intensity to its utility. Here, we developed an auditory attentional intensity task for head-fixed mice and vary task utility by changing reward size. We record pupil size and walking speed as proxies of arousal and exploration, respectively. Using simple performance metrics and sequential sampling modeling, we find that mice increase their attentional intensity during periods of high task utility. The utility-related attentional boost is partially mediated by stabilization of pupil-linked arousal around an optimal mid-sized level, and an associated reduction in exploratory behavior. In sum, self-regulation of arousal partially implements strategic attentional intensity allocation.

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“…Hence, it is plausible that in the current study, post-error task engagement was larger following misleading than ambiguous trial n-1 , allowing PES to result in a performance gain following the former but not the latter trial type. Such a hypothesis could be tested in future work by investigating changes in pupil diameter following errors in our task (Kahneman and Beatty, 1966 ; Saderi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-error Slowing Reflects the Joint Impact of Adaptive and Maladaptive Processes During Decision Making

Fievez

Derosière

Verbruggen

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Errors and their consequences are typically studied by investigating changes in decision speed and accuracy in trials that follow an error, commonly referred to as “post-error adjustments”. Many studies have reported that subjects slow down following an error, a phenomenon called “post-error slowing” (PES). However, the functional significance of PES is still a matter of debate as it is not always adaptive. That is, it is not always associated with a gain in performance and can even occur with a decline in accuracy. Here, we hypothesized that the nature of PES is influenced by one’s speed-accuracy tradeoff policy, which determines the overall level of choice accuracy in the task at hand. To test this hypothesis, we had subjects performing a task in two distinct contexts (separate days), which either promoted speed (hasty context) or cautiousness (cautious context), allowing us to consider post-error adjustments according to whether subjects performed choices with a low or high accuracy level, respectively. Accordingly, our data indicate that post-error adjustments varied according to the context in which subjects performed the task, with PES being solely significant in the hasty context (low accuracy). In addition, we only observed a gain in performance after errors in a specific trial type, suggesting that post-error adjustments depend on a complex combination of processes that affect the speed of ensuing actions as well as the degree to which such PES comes with a gain in performance.

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Dissociation of task engagement and arousal effects in auditory cortex and midbrain

Cited by 31 publications

References 84 publications

Brainstem speech encoding is dynamically shaped online by fluctuations in corticalαstate

Brainstem speech encoding is dynamically shaped online by fluctuations in corticalαstate

Strategic stabilization of arousal boosts sustained attention

Post-error Slowing Reflects the Joint Impact of Adaptive and Maladaptive Processes During Decision Making

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