Dissociation of N<sub>2</sub> in flowing glow 
discharge: Influence of H<sub>2</sub>

Souza, A. R. de; Digiacomo, M.; Muzart, J.L.R.; Nahorny, Jacimar; Ricard, A.

doi:10.1051/epjap:1999127

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The increase of the electric field and the decrease of the electron density (figures 2(a) and (b)) between pure N 2 and N 2 -H 2 (0.95:0.05) is also observed by Thomaz et al [26]. The increase in the E field strength with the addition of small percentages of H 2 is an indirect effect already described in the literature [11,27,28]. It would be the consequence of the quenching on the one hand of the metastable states N 2 (a ′ ), N 2 (A) and on the other hand of the upper vibrational states N 2 (v) which contribute significantly to the ionization in N 2 plasmas by associative ionization processes producing N 4 + then N 2 + .…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

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Characterization of a DC glow discharge in N₂–H₂with electrical measurements and neutral and ion mass spectrometry

Chatain¹,

Morillo-Candas²,

Vettier³

et al. 2023

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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The addition of small amounts of H2 were investigated in a DC glow discharge in N2, at low pressure (~1 mbar) and low power (0.05 to 0.2 W.cm-3). We quantified the electric field, the electron density, the ammonia production and the formation of positive ions for amounts of H2 varying between 0 and 5%, pressure values between 0.5 and 4 mbar, and currents between 10 and 40 mA.The addition of less than 1% H2 has a strong effect on the N2 plasma discharges. Hydrogen quenches the (higher) vibrational levels of N2 and some of its highly energetic metastable states. This leads to the increase of the discharge electric field and consequently of the average electron energy. As a result, higher quantities of radical and excited species are suspected to be produced. The addition of hydrogen also leads to the formation of new species. In particular, ammonia and hydrogen-bearing ions have been observed: N2H+ and NH4+ being the major ones, and also H3+, NH+, NH2+, NH3+, N3H+ and N3H3+.The comparison to a radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasma (RF CCP) discharge in similar experimental conditions shows that both discharges led to similar observations. The study of N2-H2 discharges in the laboratory in the adequate ionization conditions then gives some insights on which plasma species made of nitrogen and hydrogen could be present in the ionosphere of Titan. Here, we identified some protonated ions, which are reactive species that could participate to the erosion of organic aerosols on Titan. 

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Section: Discussion Of the Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Electric field and electron density measurements in our discharge are consistent with the glow discharge literature. We can therefore legitimately suppose that processes described in the literature also apply in our case [10,11,[27][28][29]. Here are the main points.…”

Section: Conclusion On the Evolution Of The N 2 Discharge With The Ad...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Characterization of a DC glow discharge in N₂–H₂with electrical measurements and neutral and ion mass spectrometry

Chatain¹,

Morillo-Candas²,

Vettier³

et al. 2023

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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“…It is found that the degree of N 2 dissociation and ionization in pure nitrogen plasma is low due to the highly stable N 2 bond strength, which is equal to 9.67 eV, much higher than those of other molecules. One promising way to enhance the dissociation and ionization of molecular nitrogen is to introduce H 2 or Ar into the plasma [21][22][23][24]. However, there are insufficient studies in the literature about N 2 -Ar plasma mixture, and in particular, those generated in relatively newly developed hollow cathode discharge systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics of N₂–Ar plasma mixture excited in a 13.56 MHz hollow cathode discharge system: application to remote plasma treatment of polyamide surface

Saloum¹,

Naddaf²,

Alkhaled³

2008

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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N2–x% Ar plasma gas mixture, generated in a hollow cathode RF discharge system, has been characterized by both optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and double Langmuir probe, as a function of experimental parameters: total pressure (5–33 Pa), and different fractions of argon (7 ≤ x ≤ 80), at a constant applied RF power of 300 W. N2 dissociation degree has been investigated qualitatively by both the actinometry method and the ratio of the atomic nitrogen line emission intensity at 672.3 nm to the vibrational band (0–0) of the N2 second positive system at 337.1 nm. Both methods showed that the increase in argon fraction enhances the dissociation of N2, with a maximum at x = 50 for the pressure of 5 Pa, although the two methods give two opposite trends as a function of total pressure. Spectroscopic measurements showed that the vibrational temperature of the N2 second positive system increases with both argon fraction and total pressure increase, it lies between 4900 and 12 300 K. Langmuir probe measurements showed that, in the remote zone, the electron temperature falls in the range 1.57–1.75 eV, the density varies between 5 × 109 and 1.4 × 1010 cm−3 and that both the plasma ionization degree and electron temperature increase towards the source. In addition, the process of plasma–polyamide (PA) surface interaction, in the remote plasma zone, has been studied through OES analysis during plasma treatment of PA to monitor the possible emissions due to the polymer etching. An increase in atomic nitrogen line (672.3 nm) intensity is obtained, atomic carbon line (833.52 nm) and the band emission (0–0) from the CN (B 2Σ+–X 2Σ+) violet system were observed. The PA surface modification has been confirmed through the improvement of its hydrophilic character as the water contact angle measured after the plasma treatment significantly decreased.

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“…The study of flowing N 2 microwave discharges is a pressing problem nowadays due to the large efficiency of these systems in producing N atoms for metallic nitriding by dissociation of nitrogen molecules [1][2][3]. The flow of neutral N atoms so obtained is used to nitride workpieces positioned downstream from the plasma where only electrically neutral species remain [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of long-lived N₂(X¹Σ_g⁺,v) molecules and N₂(A³Σ_u⁺) and N₂(a'¹Σ_u^-) states in the light emissions of an N₂afterglow

Loureiro¹,

Sá²,

Guerra³

2001

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The enhancement of N 2 (B 3 g) and N + 2 (B 2 + u) states, responsible by the emission bands for the 1 + and 1 − systems of N 2 , in the short-lived afterglow of a flowing N 2 microwave discharge at ω/(2π) = 433 MHz is investigated by modelling. It is shown that pronounced maxima for both emissions are obtained downstream from the discharge by assuming the formation of N 2 (A 3 + u) and N 2 (a 1 − u) states by collisions of N 2 (X 1 + g , v) molecules in highly vibrational levels with N(4 S) atoms. Other channels that can also produce the emissions are investigated as well, but the common factor in all of them is the role played by the vibrationally excited N 2 (X,v) molecules in levels >35. During the relaxation process a pumping-up effect for the vibrational quanta at the higher vth levels occurs as a result of near-resonant V-V energy-exchange collisions, that produces a rise in the observed peaks for the N 2 electronic states in the flowing afterglow.

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Dissociation of N₂ in flowing glow discharge: Influence of H₂

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Characterization of a DC glow discharge in N₂–H₂with electrical measurements and neutral and ion mass spectrometry

Characterization of a DC glow discharge in N₂–H₂with electrical measurements and neutral and ion mass spectrometry

Diagnostics of N₂–Ar plasma mixture excited in a 13.56 MHz hollow cathode discharge system: application to remote plasma treatment of polyamide surface

Role of long-lived N₂(X¹Σ_g⁺,v) molecules and N₂(A³Σ_u⁺) and N₂(a'¹Σ_u^-) states in the light emissions of an N₂afterglow

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Dissociation of N2 in flowing glow discharge: Influence of H2

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Characterization of a DC glow discharge in N2–H2with electrical measurements and neutral and ion mass spectrometry

Characterization of a DC glow discharge in N2–H2with electrical measurements and neutral and ion mass spectrometry

Diagnostics of N2–Ar plasma mixture excited in a 13.56 MHz hollow cathode discharge system: application to remote plasma treatment of polyamide surface

Role of long-lived N2(X1Σg+,v) molecules and N2(A3Σu+) and N2(a'1Σu-) states in the light emissions of an N2afterglow

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Dissociation of N₂ in flowing glow discharge: Influence of H₂

Characterization of a DC glow discharge in N₂–H₂with electrical measurements and neutral and ion mass spectrometry

Characterization of a DC glow discharge in N₂–H₂with electrical measurements and neutral and ion mass spectrometry

Diagnostics of N₂–Ar plasma mixture excited in a 13.56 MHz hollow cathode discharge system: application to remote plasma treatment of polyamide surface

Role of long-lived N₂(X¹Σ_g⁺,v) molecules and N₂(A³Σ_u⁺) and N₂(a'¹Σ_u^-) states in the light emissions of an N₂afterglow