Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders

Dell, Paul F.; O'Neil, John A.

doi:10.4324/9780203893920

Cited by 70 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The construct of dissociation encompasses experiential detachment and/or loss of awareness or control over mental processes that, under normal circumstances and for the age and developmental level of the person, should be available to conscious awareness, self-attribution, or control (Cardeña & Carlson, 2011;Dell & O'Neil, 2009). Although not necessarily pathological, dissociative phenomena are believed to underlie a variety of psychiatric conditions (Spiegel et al, 2013).…”

Section: Dissociation Trauma and Hypnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative Subtypes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorders and Hypnosis

Terhune

Cardeña

2015

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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Converging evidence suggests that heterogeneity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) arises from the presence of discrete subtypes of patients, one of which is characterized by elevated dissociative symptoms. A similar dissociative subtype has been observed among individuals displaying high hypnotic suggestibility. Here we highlight important parallels between these subtypes, drawing from research on a history of exposure to stressful life events and pathological symptomatology, cognitive functioning, hypnotic suggestibility, and functional neuroimaging and electrophysiology. Further understanding of these parallels can help elucidate the developmental paths and neurocognitive basis of heterogeneity in PTSD and high hypnotic suggestibility and refine the understanding and treatment of different subtypes of PTSD.

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Section: Dissociation Trauma and Hypnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative Subtypes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorders and Hypnosis

Terhune

Cardeña

2015

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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“…The instrument shows excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 98), test-retest reliability over 4-8 weeks, construct validity with standardized measures of traumatic stress, and discriminative validity with the SCID-D-R. Structural validity has been confirmed using factor analytic techniques (78,98).…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 89%

Assessing Voice Hearing in Trauma Spectrum Disorders: A Comparison of Two Measures and a Review of the Literature

et al. 2020

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Voice hearing (VH) can occur in trauma spectrum disorders (TSD) such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative disorders. However, previous estimates of VH among individuals with TSD vary widely. In this study, we sought to better characterize the rate and phenomenology of VH in a sample of 70 women with TSD related to childhood abuse who were receiving care in a specialized trauma program. We compared the rate of VH within our sample using two different measures: 1) the auditory hallucination (AH) item in the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID), and 2) the thirteen questions involving VH in the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID), a self-report questionnaire that comprehensively assesses pathological dissociation. We found that 45.7% of our sample met threshold for SCID AH, while 91.4% met criteria for MID VH. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses showed that while SCID AH and MID VH items have greater than chance agreement, the strength of agreement is only moderate, suggesting that SCID and MID VH items measure related but not identical constructs. Thirty-two patients met criteria for both SCID AH and at least one MID VH item ("unequivocal VH"), 32 for at least one MID VH item but not SCID AH ("ambiguous VH"), and 6 met criteria for neither ("unequivocal non-VH"). Relative to the ambiguous VH group, the unequivocal VH group had higher dissociation scores for child voices, and higher mean frequencies for child voices and Schneiderian voices. Our findings suggest that VH in women with TSD related to childhood abuse is common, but that the rate of VH depends on how the question is asked. We review prior studies examining AH and/or VH in TSD, focusing on the measures used to ascertain these experiences, and conclude that our two estimates are consistent with previous studies that used comparable instruments and patient samples. Our results add to growing evidence that VH-an experience typically considered psychotic or psychotic-like-is not equivalent to having a psychotic disorder. Instruments that assess VH apart from psychotic disorders and that capture

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“…The notion that dissociation is a psycho-physiological process thus also considers bodily dissociation. In the current research literature, there are descriptions of both what is called psychoform dissociation and somatoform dissociation (2). Psychoform dissociation encompasses the symptom clusters dissociative amnesia, depersonalisation, derealisation, identity confusion/identity fragmentation and identity alteration (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%