Dissociation and post-traumatic stress disorder: two prospective studies of road traffic accident survivors

Murray, James; Ehlers, Anke; Mayou, Richard

doi:10.1192/bjp.180.4.363

Cited by 461 publications

(417 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The State Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ; Murray, Ehlers, & Mayou, 2002) is a 9-item self-report measure that assesses different aspects of dissociation during trauma. Items are rated on a 5-point scale (0 = not at all; 4 = very strongly).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Items are rated on a 5-point scale (0 = not at all; 4 = very strongly). The SDQ demonstrated good reliability and validity (Halligan, Michael, Clark, & Ehlers, 2003; Murray et al, 2002). Cronbach’s alpha in this study was .92.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Negative Appraisals of Intrusion subscale of the Response to Intrusion Questionnaire (RIQ; Clohessy & Ehlers, 1999; Murray et al, 2002) is a 6-item self-report measure that assesses negative appraisal of trauma intrusion. Items are rated on a 7-point scale (1 = totally disagree; 7 = totally agree).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among burn survivors two years after the 2015 Formosa Fun Coast Water Park explosion in Taiwan

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms are relatively common in burn survivors. Several previously reported risk factors (e.g. burn severity) have not consistently predicted psychological adjustment post-burn. Empirically-derived risk factors of PTSD from the meta-analysis and theory-derived cognitive variables may be of great predictive value. Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of probable DSM-5 PTSD and major depression (MDD) and the predictors of PTSD and depressive symptoms in burn survivors of the 2015 Formosa Fun Coast Water Park explosion. Three sets of predictors were examined: (a) burn-related variables; (b) empirically-derived risk factors from the meta-analysis; and (c) theory-derived cognitive variables. Method: Participants were 116 burn survivors of the Formosa Fun Coast Water Park explosion. The mean age at the disaster was 22.3 ± 4.2 years; the average total body surface area burned (TBSA) was 49.5%. Results: Of our participants, 12.9 and 20.7% met DSM-5 probable PTSD and MDD two years after the Formosa Fun Coast Water Park explosion. No gender differences were observed. For the prediction of PTSD symptoms post-burn, theory-derived cognitive variables (adjusted R 2 = .562, 95% CI [.423, .638]) performed best and provided significantly better prediction than empirically-derived risk factors from the meta-analysis (adjusted R 2 = .337, 95% CI [.180, .412]) and burn-related variables (adjusted R 2 = .313, 95% CI [.156, .389]). In contrast, the three sets of variables examined provided similar predictions for depressive symptoms post-burn (adjusted R 2 = .267–.295). Random forest regression revealed that theory-derived cognitive variables, particularly negative appraisal of symptoms and maladaptive cognitive coping, were considered the most important predictors of PTSD symptoms post-burn. Conclusion: The prevalence of probable PTSD and MDD were relatively higher in burn survivors. Theory-derived cognitive variables substantially improve predictions for PTSD symptoms post-burn.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among burn survivors two years after the 2015 Formosa Fun Coast Water Park explosion in Taiwan

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…In recent years, research has highlighted the potential role of personality and behavioural predispositions as such pre-existing vulnerability factors for PTSD (Engelhard & van den Hout, 2007; JakšI, Brajkovi, Ivez, Topi, & Jakovljevi, 2012; Weinberg & Gil, 2016). One such potentially pre-existing vulnerability is dissociation (McCaslin et al, 2008; Murray, Ehlers, & Mayou, 2002). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, we estimate the interaction effect between neuroticism and dissociation in the development of PTSD, and assess whether personality factors and the tendency to dissociate may represent independent risk factors for PTSD symptoms (Briere et al, 2005; McCaslin et al, 2008; Murray et al, 2002). We thus explore the influence of the Big Five personality traits (Costa & McCrae, 1992): extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience, measured before deployment, on pre-deployment dissociation and post-deployment PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-deployment dissociation and personality as risk factors for post-deployment post-traumatic stress disorder in Danish soldiers deployed to Afghanistan

León

Andersen

Karstoft

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Objective: This study investigated whether pre-deployment dissociation was associated with previously identified post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom trajectories from before to 2.5 years after military deployment. Furthermore, it examined whether the tendency to dissociate, pre-deployment personality factors, conceptualized by the Big Five model, and previous trauma represented independent risk factors for post-deployment PTSD symptoms.Method: This prospective study included the entire team of 743 soldiers from the Danish Contingent of the International Security Assistance Force 7 deployed to Afghanistan in 2009. Data consisted of self-report measures and were collected six times: before deployment; during deployment; and 1–3 weeks, 2 months, 7 months and 2.5 years after homecoming.Results: The findings indicate significant associations between pre-deployment dissociation and six PTSD trajectories (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.120). Based on mean differences in dissociation for the six trajectories, two main groups emerged: a group with high dissociation scores at pre-deployment, which had moderate PTSD symptom levels at pre-deployment and fluctuated over time; and a group with low dissociation scores at pre-deployment, which had low initial PTSD symptom levels and diverged over time. Our study also confirmed previous findings of a positive association between neuroticism and dissociation (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). This suggests that negative emotionality may be a vulnerability that enhances dissociative experiences, although a causal link cannot be concluded from the findings. Finally, pre-deployment dissociation, pre-deployment neuroticism and a history of traumatic events, as independent factors, were significant predictors of post-deployment PTSD (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.158).Conclusions: The study emphasizes the multiplicity of factors involved in the development of PTSD, and group differences in dissociative symptoms support the heterogeneity in PTSD. Further, this study points to specific aspects of personality that may be targeted in a clinical setting and in pre-deployment assessments in the military.

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The Role of PTSD in Understanding Child Allegations of Sexual Abuse

Blasio¹,

Miragoli²,

Procaccia³

2011

Post‐Traumatic Syndromes in Childhood and Adolescence

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Dissociation and post-traumatic stress disorder: two prospective studies of road traffic accident survivors

Abstract: Persistent dissociation and rumination 4 weeks after trauma are more useful in identifying those patients who are likely to develop chronic PTSD than initial reactions.

Cited by 461 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among burn survivors two years after the 2015 Formosa Fun Coast Water Park explosion in Taiwan

Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among burn survivors two years after the 2015 Formosa Fun Coast Water Park explosion in Taiwan

Pre-deployment dissociation and personality as risk factors for post-deployment post-traumatic stress disorder in Danish soldiers deployed to Afghanistan

The Role of PTSD in Understanding Child Allegations of Sexual Abuse

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