Dissociating temporal preparation processes as a function of the inter-trial interval duration

Vallesi, Antonino; Lozano, Violeta N.; Correa, Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2012.11.011

Cited by 59 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For instance, Vallesi et al (2013) used the variable-FP paradigm with a uniform FP-distribution, and varied the intertrial interval. They observed that an increase of the intertrial interval attenuated the sequential effect and its asymmetry while leaving the average RT–FP function relatively unchanged.…”

Section: Two Explanatory Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, any factor that selectively influences either the recency or the relative frequency of distinctive memory traces will selectively modify the short-term and long-term effects, respectively. For instance, the finding of Vallesi et al (2013) that the duration of the intertrial interval attenuates the asymmetric sequential effect while leaving the average RT–FP function largely unaffected, would reflect that this variable influences the trace weights of recently formed memory traces while leaving the relative frequency of distinctive traces unaffected.…”

Section: Accounting For the Family Of Fp Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trace-conditioning model assumes that the within-trial dynamics influence a single adjustable memory trace, which makes it hard to account for long-term effects of FP (Los and Agter, 2005) and their selective modification by additional factors (e.g., Vallesi et al, 2013). This nearsightedness of the trace-conditioning model is solved by MTP, which assumes that old preparatory experiences are consolidated in independent memory traces.…”

Section: Comparison To Other Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outlines of a multiple trace theory of temporal preparation

2014

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We outline a new multiple trace theory of temporal preparation (MTP), which accounts for behavior in reaction time (RT) tasks in which the participant is presented with a warning stimulus (S1) followed by a target stimulus (S2) that requires a speeded response. The theory assumes that during the foreperiod (FP; the S1–S2 interval) inhibition is applied to prevent premature response, while a wave of activation occurs upon the presentation of S2. On each trial, these actions are stored in a separate memory trace, which, jointly with earlier formed memory traces, starts contributing to preparation on subsequent trials. We show that MTP accounts for classic effects in temporal preparation, including mean RT–FP functions observed under a variety of FP distributions and asymmetric sequential effects. We discuss the advantages of MTP over other accounts of these effects (trace-conditioning and hazard-based explanations) and suggest a critical experiment to empirically distinguish among them.

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Section: Two Explanatory Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accounting For the Family Of Fp Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison To Other Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outlines of a multiple trace theory of temporal preparation

2014

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“…It has been argued that the changing hazard is used by a controlled process that allows participants to strategically apply knowledge about the hazard function to enhance their preparatory state (e.g., Coull et al, 2011;Vallesi et al, 2013;Vallesi, McIntosh, Shallice, & Stuss, 2009;Vallesi & Shallice, 2007). This view requires that participants have access to the changing hazard as time elapses during the foreperiod, but no one has ever specified how people acquire knowledge of the hazard function and how they are able to subsequently apply it.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most inquiries have started from the idea that the increase of temporal preparation is closely related to the hazard function (e.g., Nobre, Correa, & Coull, 2007;Vallesi, Lozano, & Correa, 2013), which describes the increasing conditional probability of S2 occurrence over time, given that it has not occurred yet (e.g., Luce, 1986). In particular, there exists a close reciprocal relationship between current hazard and mean RT across a variety of foreperiod distributions (Coull, 2009;Cui, Stetson, Montague, & Eagleman, 2009;Janssen & Shadlen, 2005;Näätänen, 1971;Trillenberg et al, 2000), which has led to the widespread belief that hazard drives temporal preparation or temporal expectancy (e.g., Coull, Cheng, & Meck, 2011;Niemi & Näätänen, 1981;Stuss et al, 2005;Vallesi et al, 2013;Vallesi & Shallice, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Timing a week later: The role of long-term memory in temporal preparation

et al. 2017

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Temporal preparation has been investigated extensively by manipulating the foreperiod, the interval between a warning stimulus and target stimulus requiring a speeded response. Although such research has revealed many effects of both the duration and distribution of foreperiods on reaction times, the underlying cognitive mechanism is still largely unknown. Here, we test a recent proposal that temporal preparation is driven by the retrieval of memory traces of past experiences from long-term memory rather than by knowledge about upcoming events. Two groups of participants received different foreperiod distributions in an acquisition phase, which was followed a week later by a transfer phase, in which both groups received the same distribution of foreperiods. We found that the effects of the different foreperiod distributions presented in the acquisition phase were still apparent a week later during the transfer phase, as the reaction time patterns of both groups reflected the old distributions. This occurred even though both groups were provided with full information about the change in the distribution of foreperiods at the start of the transfer phase. These findings provide compelling evidence that long-term memory plays an important role in temporal preparation.

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Everyday Life Cognitive Instability Predicts Simple Reaction Time Variability: Analysis of Reaction Time Distributions and Delta Plots

Steinborn

Langner

Flehmig

et al. 2015

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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SummaryThe goal of this study is to understand the interface between subjectively assessed and objectively measured attention functioning. To this end, we assessed both self‐report data using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and sustained‐attention performance using a low‐demand psychomotor vigilance task that required participants to respond to visual targets. Unlike previous studies, reliability of task performance was ensured, testing individuals twice within a retest interval of 1 week. Given that everyday life attentional lapse tendencies vary even in normal‐population samples, we asked whether there is a relationship with laboratory performance, in general and as a consequence of time on task (TOT). As a result, low (versus high) CFQ scorers were somewhat different in their average response speed but became particularly prone to lapsing during the task period, as reflected in standard measures of response‐speed variability as well as ex‐Gaussian parameters of distributional skewness. In conclusion, we argue that persistence to sustained demand might be an important aspect of construct validity that must be evoked by a manipulation of TOT, which may be useful for the evaluation of questionnaires in ecologically valid situations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Dissociating temporal preparation processes as a function of the inter-trial interval duration

Cited by 59 publications

References 46 publications

Outlines of a multiple trace theory of temporal preparation

Outlines of a multiple trace theory of temporal preparation

Timing a week later: The role of long-term memory in temporal preparation

Everyday Life Cognitive Instability Predicts Simple Reaction Time Variability: Analysis of Reaction Time Distributions and Delta Plots

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