Dissociating sub-processes of aftereffects of completed intentions and costs to the ongoing task in prospective memory: A mouse-tracking approach

Abstract

In the present study, we used mouse tracking to investigate two processes underlying prospective memory (PM) retrieval: First, we aimed to explore to what extent spontaneous retrieval of already completed PM intentions is supported by reflexive-associative and discrepancy-plus-search processes. Second, we aimed to disentangle whether costs to an ongoing task during the pursuit of a PM intention are associated with presumably resource-demanding monitoring processes or with a presumably resource-sparing strategic delay of ongoing-task responses. Our third aim was to explore the interaction of processes underlying costs to the ongoing task and processes of spontaneous retrieval. Our analyses replicated response-time patterns from previous studies indicating aftereffects of completed intentions and costs to ongoing-task performance, as well as increased aftereffects while pursuing a PM intention. Notably, based on our mouse-tracking analyses, we argue that aftereffects of completed intentions are best explained by a reflexive initiation of an already completed intention. If the completed intention is not performed in its entirety (i.e., no commission error), the reflexive initiation of the completed intention is followed by a subsequent movement correction that most likely represents a time-consuming response-verification process. Regarding performance costs in the ongoing task, our analyses suggest that actively pursuing a PM intention most likely leads to a strategic delay of ongoing activities. Lastly, we found that pursuing a novel PM task after intention completion exacerbated orienting responses to all deviant stimuli, exacerbated the readiness to initiate the completed intention reflexively, and substantially prolonged the response-verification process following this reflexive intention retrieval.

Effects of task characteristics and individual traits on the aftereffects of event-based prospective memory and its mechanism

“…量服用会严重影响身体健康 (Kimmel et al, 2007)。 上述现象被称为 PM 后效, 它是指 PM 任务完成之 后, 个体对已完成的 PM 意向做出错误的重复执 行(commission error, CE)或已完成的 PM 意向对进 行中任务产生干扰的现象 (Bugg et al, 2016;Cottini & Meier, 2020;Matos & Albuquerque, 2021a;Meier & Cottini, 2023;Meier & Rey-Mermet, 2012Möschl et al, 2020;Walser et al, 2017;Walser, Plessow et al, 2014;Xin et al, 2022 McDaniel & Einstein, 2000; (Matos & Albuquerque, 2021a;Möschl et al, 2020)。目前, 虽有部分研究者分别从 PM 任务、 进行中任务以及个体特征等方面探究了对事件性 PM 后效的影响 Cottini & Meier, 2020;Matos & Albuquerque, 2021b;Matos et al, 2020;Meier & Cottini, 2023;Pink & Dodson, 2013;Schaper & Grundgeiger, 2017;Scullin et al, 2012;Scullin et al, 2011;Scullin et al, 2009;Walser et al, 2017) Marsh et al, 1998;Zeigarnik, 1938) & Albuquerque, 2021a;Möschl et al, 2020;Scullin et al, 2011;Scullin et al, 2009) Möschl et al, 2019;Strickland et al, 2018;Walser et al, 2012;Walser et al, 2017) 制已完成 PM 意向并使其消退 Bugg et al, 2016;Bugg & Streeper, 2019;Kurtz et al, 2022;Matos et al, 2020;…”