Dissociating emotion-induced blindness and hypervision.

Bocanegra, Bruno R.; Zeelenberg, René

doi:10.1037/a0017749

Cited by 60 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Once an emotional stimulus is presented, it changes the way subsequently presented neutral objects compete for attention. For example, the ability to detect a solitary neutral stimulus can be enhanced by presenting an emotionally arousing stimulus just beforehand (Bocanegra & Zeelenberg, 2009; Padmala & Pessoa, 2008; Zeelenberg & Bocanegra, 2010), at least if the stimulus has low spatial frequency (Lee, Baek, Lu, & Mather, in press). Moreover, the presentation of an emotional stimulus has also been shown to enhance the ability to identify a neutral target within an array of neutral distracters (Becker, 2009; Olatunji, Ciesielski, Armstrong, & Zald, 2011; Phelps, Ling, & Carrasco, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Arousal Increases the Effects of Stimulus Salience in Older Adults

Sutherland

Mather

2015

Experimental Aging Research

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Background/Study Context Stimuli compete for mental representation, with salient stimuli attracting more attention than less salient stimuli. In a recent study, we found that presenting an emotionally negative arousing sound before briefly showing an array of letters with different levels of salience increased the reporting of the more salient letters but decreased reporting of the less salient letters (Sutherland & Mather, 2012). In the current study we examined whether negative arousal produces similar effects on attention in older adults. Methods Data from 55 older adults (61–80 years; M = 70.7; SD = 5.1) were compared with those from 110 younger adults (18–29 years; M = 20.3; SD = 2.3) from Sutherland and Mather (2012). Neutral or negative arousing sound clips were played before a brief presentation of eight letters, three of which were presented in a darker font than the others to create a group of high and low salience targets. Next, participants recalled as many of the letters as they could. At the end of the study, participants rated the emotional arousal and the valence of the sounds. Results Higher ratings of emotional arousal for the sounds predicted a greater advantage for high salience letters in recall. This influence of arousal did not significantly differ by age. Conclusion The effects of negative arousal on subsequent attention were similar in older adults as in younger adults. Moreover, the results support arousal-biased competition theory (Mather & Sutherland, 2011), which predicts that emotional arousal amplifies the effects of stimulus salience in attention and memory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Arousal Increases the Effects of Stimulus Salience in Older Adults

Sutherland

Mather

2015

Experimental Aging Research

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“…Researchers have accounted for findings of different effects of arousal on low-versus high-spatial-frequency stimuli by arguing that the amygdala responds to emotional arousal by potentiating magnocellular-type channels in the visual system while suppressing parvocellular-type channels (Bocanegra & Zeelenberg, 2009b, 2011a; Borst & Kosslyn, 2010). This bias favoring magnocellular-type channels should preferentially enhance processing of low-spatial-frequency information because magnocellular cells within the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus have a lower spatial resolution than parvocellular cells (Sincich & Horton, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How arousal modulates the visual contrast sensitivity function.

Lee¹,

Baek²,

Lü³

et al. 2014

Emotion

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Recent evidence indicates that emotion enhances contrast thresholds in subsequent visual perception (Phelps, Ling, & Carrasco, 2006), and perceptual sensitivity for low-spatial-frequency but not high-spatial-frequency targets (Bocanegra & Zeelenberg, 2009b). However, these studies just report responses to various frequencies at a fixed contrast level or responses to various contrasts at a fixed frequency. In the current study, we measured the full contrast sensitivity function as a function of emotional arousal in order to investigate potential interactions between spatial frequency and contrast. We used a Bayesian adaptive inference with a trial-to-trial information gain strategy (Lesmes, Lu, Baek, & Albright, 2010) and a fear-conditioned stimulus to manipulate arousal level. The spatial frequency at which people showed peak contrast sensitivity shifted to lower spatial frequencies in the arousing condition compared with the non-arousing condition and people had greater contrast sensitivity function bandwidth in the arousing than in the non-arousing condition.

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“…Likewise, Ciesielski, Armstrong, Zald, and Olatunji (2010) reported that the enhanced attentional blink effect for emotional stimuli rapidly declined from short (200 ms) to longer time lags (400 ms and 600 ms) and even reversed for the longest time lag of 800 ms (i.e., enhanced instead of diminished target processing following negative images). Bocanegra and Zeelenberg (2009) also demonstrated that negative word cues impaired subsequent target identification at short (50 and 500 ms) inter stimulus intervals (ISIs), but improved target identification at a longer ISI of 1000 ms. Together, these results suggest that primary task performance deteriorates only, or foremost, when emotional distracters and task-relevant targets are presented in close temporal proximity.…”

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confidence: 98%