Dissociating Biases towards the Self and Positive Emotion

Stolte, Moritz; Humphreys, Glyn W.; Yankouskaya, Alla

doi:10.1080/17470218.2015.1101477

Cited by 52 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…A further possibility (not mutually exclusive) is that older participants may show a more positive emotional response to their best friend partly because older individuals weight positive emotional value higher than do younger participants (Fung et al, 1999;Mather & Carstensen, 2005). A positive emotional response to the friend association may enhance the friend bias (see Stolte et al, 2015). Consistent with these results reflecting the social coding of friend relative to stranger stimuli, we found that the rated personal distance of the best friend from the stranger increased with age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…We set out to address these questions in a study on the effects of aging on self-related processing and on the processing of other people, in a simple perceptual-matching task that has previously been shown to produce highly reliable biases favoring selfrelated stimuli (Sui, He, & Humphreys, 2012) that are stable across individuals over time Stolte, Humphreys, Yankouskaya, & Sui, 2015). We had young (<30 years) and two groups of older adults (60-69 and 69+ years) 1 make associations between personal labels (You, Friend, and Stranger) and neutral geometric shapes (square, circle, and triangle), and they were told that the labels referred to themselves, their best friend, or a stranger who was not anyone they knew.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Aging enhances cognitive biases to friends but not the self

Humphreys

2017

Psychon Bull Rev

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We measured changes in self and friend biases in perceptual matching in young and older participants. Participants learned associations between neutral geometric shapes and three personal labels (You, Friend, or Stranger), representing themselves, their named best friend, and a stranger not corresponding to anyone they knew. They then responded whether the shapes and labels matched or mismatched. In addition, participants reported the perceived personal distance between themselves, their best friend, and a stranger. Relative to young participants, older adults showed an increased bias toward matching their friends over strangers, whereas the bias toward the self over friends tended to decrease. Equivalent results occurred for a perceived personal distance measure, and, on measures of perceptual sensitivity with older participants, the personal distance between friends and strangers correlated with the friend bias in matching. These results indicate that the social bias toward a familiar best friend increases with age and modulates perceptual matching.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging enhances cognitive biases to friends but not the self

Humphreys

2017

Psychon Bull Rev

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“…2B). 48,49 This within-subject stability is also apparent across different types of decision. Sui and Humphreys 50 had participants make varying judgments to stimuli associated to the self or other people.…”

Section: Self-reference As An Anchor In Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…There is a trait‐like stability for the self‐bias effects on perceptual matching when individuals are tested on different occasions (see Fig. A) . Self‐related stimuli show greater stability within individuals across sessions (Fig.…”

Section: Properties Of Self‐reference Effectsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The ubiquitous self: what the properties of self‐bias tell us about the self

Sui

Humphreys

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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People show systematic biases in perception, memory, and attention to favor information related to themselves over information related to other people. Researchers have examined these biases in order to throw light on the nature of the self. We review this evidence in memory, face recognition, and simple perceptual matching tasks through objective measures of self-biases. We argue that the self serves as a stable anchor across different forms of judgment and that referring a stimulus to ourselves enhances the binding of stimulus features at different stages of processing (e.g., in perception and in memory) and also the binding between processing stages. There is neural evidence that self-biases reflect an underlying neural network that interacts with but is independent of attentional control networks in the brain, and that damage to the self-related network disrupts the bias effects. We discuss the implications for understanding the nature of the self.

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Intertwining personal and reward relevance: evidence from the drift-diffusion model

Yankouskaya

Buhrle

Lugt

et al. 2018

Psychological Research

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In their seminal paper 'Is our self nothing but reward', Northoff and Hayes (Biol Psychiatry 69(11):1019-1025, Northoff, Hayes, Biological Psychiatry 69(11):1019-1025, 2011) proposed three models of the relationship between self and reward and opened a continuing debate about how these different fields can be linked. To date, none of the proposed models received strong empirical support. The present study tested common and distinct effects of personal relevance and reward values by de-componenting different stages of perceptual decision making using a drift-diffusion approach. We employed a recently developed associative matching paradigm where participants (N = 40) formed mental associations between five geometric shapes and five labels referring personal relevance in the personal task, or five shape-label pairings with different reward values in the reward task and then performed a matching task by indicating whether a displayed shape-label pairing was correct or incorrect. We found that common effects of personal relevance and monetary reward were manifested in the facilitation of behavioural performance for high personal relevance and high reward value as socially important signals. The differential effects between personal and monetary relevance reflected non-decisional time in a perceptual decision process, and task-specific prioritization of stimuli. Our findings support the parallel processing model (Northoff & Hayes, Biol Psychiatry 69(11):1019-1025, Northoff, Hayes, Biological Psychiatry 69(11):1019-1025, 2011) and suggest that self-specific processing occurs in parallel with high reward processing. Limitations and further directions are discussed.

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Dissociating Biases towards the Self and Positive Emotion

Cited by 52 publications

References 57 publications

Aging enhances cognitive biases to friends but not the self

Aging enhances cognitive biases to friends but not the self

The ubiquitous self: what the properties of self‐bias tell us about the self

Intertwining personal and reward relevance: evidence from the drift-diffusion model

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