Dissociable brain regions process object meaning and object structure during picture naming

Whatmough, Christine; Chertkow, Howard; Murtha, Susan; Hanratty, Kate

doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00083-5

Cited by 106 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In line with our finding of more activity in the middle temporal gyrus for Americans and in the fusiform for East Asians, Whatmough, Chertkow, Murtha, and Hanratty (2002) have proposed a distinction between the roles of the middle temporal gyrus and the fusiform gyrus. They found that both regions were activated by an animal-naming task, but only left middle temporal activations varied as a function of the participants' familiarity with the animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…They found that both regions were activated by an animal-naming task, but only left middle temporal activations varied as a function of the participants' familiarity with the animals. On the basis of this finding and the response of the fusiform to perceptual processing of "possible" nonsense objects, which by definition do not contain semantic information (Martin et al, 1996), Whatmough et al (2002) suggested that the fusiform gyrus is involved in the structural processing of complex configurations or distinct perceptual aspects (such as the scene backgrounds in the present study), rather than semantic features of objects. Using this framework, our findings suggest that Westerners engage the middle temporal gyrus more than do East Asians to accomplish semantic processing of complex scenes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

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Cultural differences in neural function associated with object processing

Gutchess

Welsh

Boduroǧlu

et al. 2006

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

219

135

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Behavioral research suggests that Westerners focus more on objects, whereas East Asians attend more to relationships and contexts. We evaluated the neural basis for these cultural differences in an event-related fMRI study. East Asian and American participants incidentally encoded pictures of (1) a target object alone, (2) a background scene with no discernable target object, and (3) a distinct target object against a meaningful background. Americans, relative to East Asians, activated more regions implicated in object processing, including bilateral middle temporal gyrus, left superior parietal/angular gyrus, and right superior temporal/supramarginal gyrus. In contrast to the cultural differences in object-processing areas, few differences emerged in background-processing regions. These results suggest that cultural experiences subtly direct neural activity, particularly for focal objects, at an early stage of scene encoding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Cultural differences in neural function associated with object processing

Gutchess

Welsh

Boduroǧlu

et al. 2006

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

219

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In other functional imaging studies, activation of this region has been associated with recognizing the meaning of an object (Whatmough et al, 2002), recognizing images of the human body (Downing et al, 2001), listening to complex sentences (Michael et al, 2001), and visual recognition of speech (Bernstein et al, 2002). The present study indicates that treated smokers may have been more able to attend to these aspects of the cigarette cue video (which had several scenes of subjects conversing while smoking) than untreated smokers (who may have been focused on urge to smoke during the cigarette cue video).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Attenuation of cue-induced cigarette craving and anterior cingulate cortex activation in bupropion-treated smokers: a preliminary study

Brody

Mandelkern

Lee³

et al. 2004

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

138

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In untreated smokers, exposure to cigarette-related cues increases both the intensity of cigarette craving and relative glucose metabolism of the perigenual/ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Given that treatment with bupropion HCl reduces overall cigarette craving levels in nicotine dependent subjects, we performed a preliminary study of smokers to determine if bupropion HCl treatment attenuates cue-induced cigarette craving and associated brain metabolic activation. Thirtyseven, otherwise healthy smokers (20 untreated and 17 who had received open-label treatment with bupropion HCl) underwent two 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning sessions in randomized order-one when presented with neutral cues and the other when presented with cigarette-related cues. Bupropion-treated smokers had smaller cigarette cue-induced increases in craving scores on the Urge to Smoke (UTS) Scale and less activation of perigenual/ventral ACC metabolism from the neutral to the cigarette cue scan than untreated smokers. Thus, in addition to its known effects on spontaneous cigarette craving and withdrawal symptoms, bupropion HCl diminishes cue-induced cigarette craving and appears to attenuate cigarette cue-induced ACC activation. These results are consistent with the known effects of bupropion HCl, including its enhancement of catecholaminergic neurotransmission.

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“…Although task difficulty has been operationalized in various ways, increased activation in IFG has been associated with increased difficulty across these definitions. In a PET study in which high-and low-familiarity objects were overtly named, increased activation across inferior (BA 45/47) and middle (BA 10) frontal gyri was identified in the low-familiarity (i.e., high difficulty) condition (Whatmough, Chertkow, Murtha, & Hanratty, 2002). Thompson-Schill, D'Esposito, Aguirre, and Farah (1997) and Thompson-Schill, D'Esposito, and Kan (1999) used word-generation paradigms given a base word, where the amount of inhibitory effort (selection demands) needed to generate an appropriate item was varied.…”

Section: Parametric Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential prefrontal–temporal neural correlates of semantic processing in children

2006

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This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain-behavior correlations in a group of 16 children (9-to 12-year-olds). Activation was measured during a semantic judgment task presented in either the visual or auditory modality that required the individual to determine whether a final word was related in meaning to one of two previous words (e.g., foundtank-lost). The main finding was that higher performers (i.e., accuracy) were associated with more activation in posterior representational systems including the inferior and middle temporal gyri, whereas lower performers were associated with more activation in anterior regions including the inferior and middle frontal gyri. This pattern of results was interpreted as reflecting an elaborated semantic representational system in temporal areas for the high accuracy performers that allowed them to efficiently and accurately make meaning based judgments. The low accuracy performers may have an inaccurate or weakly interconnected semantic system that results in greater use of frontal areas in a feature selection process.

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Dissociable brain regions process object meaning and object structure during picture naming

Cited by 106 publications

References 50 publications

Cultural differences in neural function associated with object processing

Cultural differences in neural function associated with object processing

Attenuation of cue-induced cigarette craving and anterior cingulate cortex activation in bupropion-treated smokers: a preliminary study

Differential prefrontal–temporal neural correlates of semantic processing in children

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