Dissipation of triadimefon on the solid/gas interface

Influence of adjuvants on the dissipation of fenpropimorph, pyrimethanil, chlorpyrifos and lindane on the solid/gas interface

“…A large difference was observed between both wind speeds. Although literature reports an increase in volatilisation by increasing wind speed from 0.1 m s À1 to 1 m s À1 (Waymann and Rudel, 1995;Da Silva et al, 2001), results show that initial volatilisation rates increased much more: e.g. 24 times higher for fenpropimorph, 10 times higher for pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos and 20 times higher for lindane.…”

“…(1), by least-squares optimisation. Assuming negligible slower second phase degradation (Da Silva et al, 2001), Eq. (1) becomes Eq.…”

“…is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), volatilisation of endosulfan from bean leaves is distinctly higher than the volatilisation of endosulfan formulated as water dispersible powders (Kubiak, 1999). Others observed that volatilisation of triadimefon as a pure solid is only slightly higher than the volatilisation of a wettable powder (Da Silva et al, 2001). Differences in the effect on the volatilisation can be explained by the differences in adjuvant concentration and the different type of adjuvants used in the commercial formulated products.…”

“…Volatilisation of pesticides from artificial surfaces can be modelled by an initial fast exponential decay of the volatilisation rate, followed by a slower second phase where first-order processes predominate (Da Silva and Da Silva, 1998;Da Silva et al, 2001). Modelling of pesticides emissions including the formulation type or the adjuvants is rare as little is known about the effects they have (Bedos et al, 2010;Lichiheb et al, 2014).…”

Volatilisation of pesticides under field conditions: inverse modelling and pesticide fate models

“…21 Others found that volatilisation of triadimefon as a pure solid was only slightly higher than the volatilisation of a wettable powder. 22 The addition of penetrants, e.g. surfactants, also increases the uptake by plants.…”