Dissipation of Endosulfan in Field-Grown Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Cropped Soil at Akumadan, Ghana

Abstract

The dissipation and persistence of endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide) applied to field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were studied at a vegetable-growing location in Ghana. Plant tissue samples and cropped soil collected at 2 h-14 days and 8 h-112 days, respectively, after application, were analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (63Ni) to determine the content and dissipation rate of endosulfan isomers (alpha- and beta-endosulfan) and the major metabolite, endosulfan sulfate. After two foliar applications of commercial endosulfan at 500 g of active ingredient/hectare, the first-order reaction kinetic was confirmed to describe the dissipation of endosulfan residues in tomato foliage and cropped soil. However, functions that best fit the experimental data were the biphasic process for foliage and the monophasic process for cropped soil. Calculated DT 50 and DT 90 values for endosulfan residues in cropped soil were not significantly (p<0.05) different for each of the two isomers.

Kinetic field dissipation and fate of endosulfan after application on Theobroma cacao farm in tropical Southwestern Nigeria

“…The percentage dissipation was 71.64% for ∑endosulfan, while parent isomers α-and βisomers were 70.58% and 80.24%, respectively. These values agreed with the dissipation of endosulfan from foliar part of cotton (Kennedy et al, 2001) and tomato plants (Ntow et al, 2007) after 7 days of treatment. The National Research Council, Canada (NRC) reported that in most fruits and vegetables, 50% of the parent residue is lost within 3 to 7 days after application (NRC, 1975).…”

“…The half-life values obtained in this study for Theobroma cacao vegetation (fresh foliar, stem bark and cocoa pods) were significantly higher than values reported in field grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) at Akumadan, Ghana (Ntow et al, 2007) and eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L.) grown in Southern Benin, West Africa (Rosendahl et al, 2009). The wide difference may be due mainly to their morphological differences, for example, wider surface leaf laminar, canopy and greater waxy leaf cuticle in Theobroma cacao, cultivation practice and as well as higher dose concentration for crop treatment -all of these are likely to favour higher foliar half-life in Theobroma cacao.…”

“…Many field dissipation studies on endosulfan pesticide residues have reported in the literature (Antonious et al, 1998;UNEP 1999;GFEA, 2007;Ntow et al, 2007;Rosenhadl et al, 2009).…”

“…However, most of these studies were carried out in the temperate region. Although, the dissipation studies of endosulfan in field grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) at Akumadan, Ghana (Ntow et al, 2007) and in eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L) cultivated in Southern Benin Republic (Rosenhadl et al, 2009) have been reported, there is still paucity of information on residual endosulfan and its' metabolites (endosulfan sulfate, diol, lactone, etc. ) in cultivated plants, crops and soils within the tropical region.…”

Typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sediments from the Yellow and East China Seas and adjacent coastal areas, China

“…由于α-硫丹和 β-硫丹具有不同的物理化学性质, 因而导致其在环境 介质中的行为存在较大的差异. 研究表面, 相比于α-硫 丹, β-硫丹的毒性偏小 [47] , 但其在沉积物中具有更长的 持久性和更高的渗透速率 [48] . 我国对东部边缘海沉积 物中硫丹的环境行为研究较少, 目前主要集中在长江 口及其附近的东海内陆架地区.…”