Dissipation of Electrical Energy in Submerged Arc Furnaces Producing Silicomanganese and High-Carbon Ferromanganese

Steenkamp, J.D.; Hockaday, Christopher James; Gous, Johan Petrus; Nzima, T.

doi:10.1007/s11837-017-2434-3

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Of the monoxide phase formed, 1.0% was associated with the gas phase formation, the remainder of the oxide phases would be considered as 'slag' phase. The 'slag' / alloy mass ratio is calculated at 0.9, which is similar to the 0.8 typically associated with South African operations [18] or pilot-scale testwork [13]. The solids content of the 'slag' phase is very high at 93.5% by mass, which means that the 'slag' will not be able to tap from the furnace and 'slag'/alloy separation will be difficult amongst other problems.…”

Section: Flux Requirementmentioning

confidence: 76%

FactSage-Based Design Calculations for the Production of High-Carbon Ferromanganese on Pilot-Scale

Steenkamp¹

2020

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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The EU-funded PreMa project investigates the potential for a preheating stage to reduce the electrical energy requirement and CO 2 emissions produced, during the production of high carbon ferromanganese in a submerged arc furnace. A pilot-scale campaign will be conducted at MINTEK in South Africa to demonstrate the potential effect of preheating on furnace operation. For the pilot-scale campaign, the design of the process flowsheet and sizing of the furnace and ancillary equipment, were based on predictive mass and energy balance calculations. FactSage thermodynamic software and Microsoft Excel were utilised. The paper reports on the method applied and results obtained.

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Section: Flux Requirementmentioning

confidence: 76%

FactSage-Based Design Calculations for the Production of High-Carbon Ferromanganese on Pilot-Scale

Steenkamp¹

2020

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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“…4(1).2019 under stable operation, the main part of the electrical currents will run through the metal bath and the electrode tip position should be low [8]. Although it is believed that the main part of the electrical current is produced by Ohmic heating, there is a discussion whether a minor part is also produced by arcing in ferroalloy production processes [9]. The electrical current paths will be determined by the resistivity of the various zones in the furnace, as well as their geometry.…”

Section: Aspects Min Miner Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Electrical Current Paths in a Mn- Ferroalloy Furnace

Ha¹,

Tangstad²

2019

AMMS

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“…2,6 There may, however, be some limited arcing or sparking, which contribute to the total energy input. 21 The slag and alloy are tapped from the furnace.…”

Section: The Furnace Process and Refiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Emissions from Mn Ferroalloy Production

Kero

Eidem

et al. 2018

JOM

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Airborne emissions from metal production represent a health, safety, and environmental challenge to which more and more attention is being directed. Industries worldwide, as well as authorities and others, are resolute in their aim of limiting, reducing, and ultimately eliminating these emissions. Many lessons can be learned by sharing information between industrial branches, as many industries face similar challenges. Certain challenges are, however, highly branch specific. For the Mn ferroalloy industry, such examples include the types of dust generated in the primary processes and the management of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mercury with respect to furnace design and operation. This article covers airborne emissions from manganese ferroalloy production, including greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides (NO x), sulfurous gases, PAH, airborne particulate matter, and trace elements, including mercury and other heavy metals. The aim is to summarize current knowledge in a state-of-the-art overview intended to introduce fresh industry engineers and academic researchers to the technological aspects relevant to reduction of airborne emissions.

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Dissipation of Electrical Energy in Submerged Arc Furnaces Producing Silicomanganese and High-Carbon Ferromanganese

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

FactSage-Based Design Calculations for the Production of High-Carbon Ferromanganese on Pilot-Scale

FactSage-Based Design Calculations for the Production of High-Carbon Ferromanganese on Pilot-Scale

Simulation of Electrical Current Paths in a Mn- Ferroalloy Furnace

Airborne Emissions from Mn Ferroalloy Production

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