Dissipation kinetics and processing behavior of boscalid and pyraclostrobin in greenhouse dill plant (Anethum graveolens L.) and soil

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Determining the environmental behavior and fate of chemical compounds during technological processing of plants is a task of great significance nowadays. However, the current knowledge is still incomplete for unique herbal matrices belonging to minor crops. The research in this article presents, for the first time, the dissipation kinetics and processing behavior of carboxamide boscalid (BOS) and stobilurin pyraclostrobin (PYR) fungicides during glasshouse dill (Anethum graveolens L.) cultivation. RESULTS:The half-lives (t 1/2 ) of BOS and PYR after application at the recommended and double dosage were in the range: 1.62-2.01 days in plant and 2.08-4.85 days in soil, respectively. The processing behavior in dill was estimated after washing, hot air drying and drying in sunlight without/with pretreatment. Processing factors (PFs) were above 1 after drying (PF = 1.24-1.39 hot air; PF = 1.15-1.28 sunlight) and below this value when the washing step was applied (PF = 0.31-0.42 hot air; PF = 0.21-0.34 sunlight), indicating the highest effectiveness of reduction, up to 73% BOS and 79% PYR. CONCLUSION: BOS/PYR residues at pre-harvest intervals after both doses were below European Union (EU) maximum residue limits (MRLs). The highest effectiveness was noted for drying carried out with the washing step, which has a great influence on the concentration of residues in the final product. The findings can supplement PF databases not set for minor crops and can be used to establish MRLs and determine human exposures more accurately in risk assessment studies.

Dissipation Residue Behaviors and Dietary Risk Assessment of Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin in Watermelon by HPLC-MS/MS

“…Although some studies choose to develop other methods due to the costs, the main trend of drug residue detection methods is LC-MS/MS, which can detect residues in a variety of crops with high adaptability and high accuracy ( Table 2 ). However, in recent studies, very few methods have been developed to detect the two drugs together [ 13 , 26 ]. Single-drug assays are easier to develop because of their simpler instrument development methods [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

“…The half-life of pyraclostrobin in soil can be 3.86–13.70 d [ 13 , 30 ]. In addition, the half-lives of boscalid were 1.90–2.01 d and 18.1–18.8 d, and the half-lives of pyraclostrobin were 1.62–1.73 d and 17.8–25.9 d, respectively, on greenhouse dill and grape [ 13 , 26 ]. Even the half-life of pyraclostrobin on cowpea reached 1.5–2.3 d [ 32 ].…”