Dissipation kinetics and mobility of chlortetracycline, tylosin, and monensin in an agricultural soil in Northumberland County, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

A robust high-throughput method was refined to extract three growth-promoting antibiotics, tylosin (TYL), chlortetracycline (CTC), and monensin (MON), from soil. Analysis was performed by electrospray liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Soil dissipation rate studies were performed in a farm field soil for antibiotics applied with and without manure. Tylosin, CTC, and MON followed first-order dissipation kinetics with half-lives of 4.5, 24, and 3.3 d, respectively, with the addition of manure and 6.1, 21, and 3.8 d, respectively, without manure. Manure application significantly increased TYL dissipation rate, perhaps because of the introduced microbial flora, but had no significant effect on CTC or MON. Monensin dissipation half-life was found to be much shorter in the field study than in a controlled laboratory study, perhaps because of differences in microbial communities. The antimicrobials were not highly mobile. Chlortetracycline was the only antibiotic detected at 25 to 35 cm depth and only up to 2% of the initial concentration in a sandy loam soil. These antibiotics are therefore expected to degrade primarily in agricultural soils before moving to greater depths or to groundwater in significant concentrations in most agricultural systems.

Fate of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes in simulated swine manure storage

“…with previous studies, but could reflect differences in redox conditions or pH between the studies. Most previous studies that have reported chlortetracycline half-lives have investigated dissipation after spiking the compound into soil or manure (Li et al, 2010;Carlson and Mabury, 2006), in contrast to the present study where manure was collected from animals administered chlortetracycline. In contrast, the tylosin half-life reported in this study is consistent with previous studies that measured tylosin half-lives on the order of 4.4 days (Carlson and Mabury, 2006).…”

“…Most previous studies that have reported chlortetracycline half-lives have investigated dissipation after spiking the compound into soil or manure (Li et al, 2010;Carlson and Mabury, 2006), in contrast to the present study where manure was collected from animals administered chlortetracycline. In contrast, the tylosin half-life reported in this study is consistent with previous studies that measured tylosin half-lives on the order of 4.4 days (Carlson and Mabury, 2006). Kolz et al (2005) measured tylosin degradation in manure slurry under anaerobic conditions, and based on reported decay rates, tylosin half-lives in anaerobic manure ranged from approximately 0.5 to 2 h, shorter than the half-lives measured in the current study.…”

“…Stone et al (2009) did not report a first-order half-life for chlortetracycline for anaerobic swine manure slurry, however, based on the chlortetracycline concentrations reported in this study, a first-order half-life is estimated to be approximately 70 days. Chlortetracycline half-lives of 25-30 days (Li et al, 2010) and 20 days (Carlson and Mabury, 2006) have been reported for soil or compost under aerobic conditions. It is not clear why a faster chlortetracycline half-life was reported in this study when compared Gilley et al (2013).…”

Estimation of Residual Antibiotics in Pharmaceutical Effluents and their Fate in Affected Areas

“…The persistence and movement of antibiotics in the ecosystem have been determined as: sulfonamides and fl uoroquinolones are the most persistent, followed by macrolides; tetracyclines can persist for comparatively extensive ages in the absence of sunlight [27]. Tetracyclines and fl uoroquinolones are easily adsorbed by soils, sediments, and/or manure slurry [2,31]. Estimation in liquid samples is mostly connected to persistence and transport in the marine environment [30,[32][33][34].…”

Degradation Kinetics of Three Veterinary Antibiotics in Composted and Stockpiled Manure

“…Previous investigation documented a 25-58 days half-life for CTC and 49-76 days for TYL in soil (Halling-Sorensen et al, 2005), a much longer half-life than that observed in the present study. Another investigation comparing the half-life of CTC, TYL, and MNS reported a much shorter half-life in manure-amended and manure-free soil (Carlson and Mabury, 2006); in that study, the calculated half-life in manure-amended soil was 24, 4.5, and 3.3 days for CTC, TYL, and MNS, respectively, and 21, 6.1, and 3.8 days in manure-free soil. The persistence order, CTC > TYL > MNS, in the latter study also differed from that observed in the present study, MNS > CTC > TYL.…”