Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach

Yang, Yanmei; Qin, Shu; Wang, Xia; Cao, Junli; Li, Jindong

doi:10.3390/molecules27072209

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In general, children were considered to be the most vulnerable group because they were particularly susceptible to pesticide-related hazards [ 38 ]. As shown, the RQa values were almost negatively correlated with age, the RQa values were highest for 2-year-olds children in the range of 1.25–1.34%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UPLC-MS/MS is a powerful analytical technique that combines the separation cap bilities of liquid chromatography with the high sensitivity and selective mass analysis pabilities of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. As a chromatographic identificati instrument, mass spectrometry has a fast speed, good separation and wide applicatio [38]. So, the residual level of myclobutanil in tomato was analyzed using UPLC-MS/M The instrument method was provided by Waters engineers.…”

Section: Instrument Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissipation, Processing Factors and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Myclobutanil in Tomato

Cao

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Myclobutanil residue poses a potential threat to consumers’ health. This work aims to investigate the degradation behavior, residue levels, processing factors (PFs) and dietary risk of myclobutanil in tomato. Myclobutanil was analyzed using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and average recoveries ranged from 82% to 102% with relative standard deviations RSDs ≤ 9.1%. After spraying myclobutanil miscible oil under field conditions, the initial concentration of myclobutanil was 0.055 mg/kg, and its dissipation followed the first-order kinetics equation with a half-life of 2.88 days. Myclobutanil was mainly present in the tomato skin, and its concentration was about four times that in the whole tomato. The initial concentration of myclobutanil in raw tomato was 0.100 mg/kg. After washing, peeling, homogenization, simmering and canning, the residual level of myclobutanil decreased to 0.067 mg/kg, 0.023 mg/kg, 0.013 mg/kg, 0.044 mg/kg and 0.041 mg/kg, respectively. Although the procedure of simmering led to an increase in myclobutanil concentration, the PFs were all less than 1 in the whole process, showing that the processing procedure significantly decreased the residual level of myclobutanil canned tomato paste in comparison with the raw agricultural commodity. Washing, peeling, and homogenization played critical roles in reducing pesticide residues. The residues of myclobutanil during the processing of tomato pose low dietary exposure risks to consumers in China, which were acceptable. However, the acute and chronic risk quotient for children revealed that it was necessary to monitor the dietary exposure of pesticide residues for children closely.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrument Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipation, Processing Factors and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Myclobutanil in Tomato

Cao

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…Reddy et al (2022) found that thiamethoxam at the recommended rate was safe for crops and the environment. Also, Yang et al (2022) reported that thiamethoxam was safe and suitable for spinach under field conditions.…”

Section: Residues and Dissipation Of Thiamethoxam In Tomato Leaves An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of thiamethoxam residues and dissipation kinetic in tomato plants and its efficacy against Bemisia tabaci under open field eco system

et al. 2023

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Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci cause important losses for many crops especially tomato, therefore farmers often use many chemical insecticides which had dangerous side effects on human beings and environment, thus there are need to determine the residues of these chemicals in plant . The dissipation of thiamethoxam in tomato leaves and fruits followed the first order kinetics; Half-lives were 2.91 and 3.15 days for fruits and leaves, respectively. The residues of thiamethoxam were determined using a QuEChERS method with HPLC-DAD and it was 0.14 mg/ kg in fruits after 7 days of treatment and less than the maximum residue limit (MRL 0.2 mg/kg. The residue in leaves was more than in fruits. Seedlings produced from treated seeds were more resistant to different stages of the whitefly population and protect tomato plants from whitefly infestation for 6-10 weeks after transplanting. The three sprays of thiamethoxam increased the reduction percentage of B. tabaci stages and the highest increase was recorded after the third spray in egg, nymph, and adult stages. It could be recommend that Thiamethoxam is considered an unconventional insecticide appropriate for B. tabaci control and safe for humans and the environment.

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“…They have the advantages of high insecticidal activity, broad insecticidal spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, and long duration, and are low toxic to many beneficial insects and bees and other nontarget insects, and are relatively safe for humans and mammals (Su et al, 2022; Yang et al, 2017). Their mode of action is mainly through the inhibition of cholinesterase in the insect's body to play an insecticidal role, resulting in the blockage of nerve conduction, and ultimately leading to the death of the insect (Yang et al, 2024).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and indoor virulence determination of a temperature‐sensitive insecticide against Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett)

Wang,

Ni,

Peng

et al. 2024

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is an important fruit and vegetable pest, especially in high‐temperature seasons. In our previous research, we developed a temperature‐sensitive sustained‐release attractant for Z. cucurbitae, that not only can control the release rate of cuelure according to the temperature change, but also shows an excellent trapping effect on Z. cucurbitae. To further enhance the killing effect of the temperature‐sensitive attractant on Z. cucurbitae, this study proposed using it in combination with an insecticide to prepare a temperature‐sensitive insecticide for Z. cucurbitae. Based on the controlled release technology of pesticides, a temperature‐sensitive Z. cucurbitae insecticide was developed by using PNIPAM gel as a temperature‐sensitive switch to carry both cuelure and insecticide at the same time. In addition, the lethal effect of different pesticides on Z. cucurbitae were tested by indoor toxicity test, and the best pesticide combination was screened out. The temperature‐sensitive insecticide prepared in this study not only had excellent thermal response and controlled release ability, but also enhanced its toxicological effects on Z. cucurbitae because it contained insecticides. Among them, combining thiamethoxam and clothianidin with the temperature‐sensitive attractants was the most effective, and their lethality reached more than 97% against Z. cucurbitae. This study is not only of great practical significance for the monitoring and controlling Z. cucurbitae, but also provides theoretical basis and reference value for the combination of temperature‐sensitive attractant and insecticide.

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Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Dissipation, Processing Factors and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Myclobutanil in Tomato

Dissipation, Processing Factors and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Myclobutanil in Tomato

Determination of thiamethoxam residues and dissipation kinetic in tomato plants and its efficacy against Bemisia tabaci under open field eco system

Preparation and indoor virulence determination of a temperature‐sensitive insecticide against Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett)

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