Dissipation and maintenance of stable states in an enzymatic system: Analysis and simulation

Abstract

Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractThe constraint-based analysis has emerged as a useful tool for analysis of biochemical networks.An essential assumption for constraint-based analysis is the formation of a stable steady state.This work investigates dissipation and maintenance of stable states in a simple reversible enzymatic reaction with substrate inhibition. Under mass-action kinetics, the conditions under which the reaction maintains a stable steady state are analytically derived and numerically confirmed. It is shown that, in order to maintain a steady state in the regulated reaction, maximal enzyme activity must be much higher than input rate. Moreover, it is revealed that requirements for large enzyme activity are due to substrate inhibition. It is suggested that high activities of enzymes may play a vital role in protecting a stable state from its catastrophic collapse, giving an additional explanation to an intriguing problem -why the activities of some enzymes greatly exceed the flux capacity of a pathway. In addition, dissipation of the enzymatic reaction is analysed. It is shown that collapse of stable states is always associated with a point at which dissipation is the highest. Therefore, in order to maintain a stable state, dissipation of the reaction must be less than a critical value. Moreover, although external forcing may not change net mass flow, it may lead to collapse of stable states. Furthermore, when stable states collapse at a critical forcing amplitude and period, dissipation also reaches a highest value. It is concluded that collapse of stable steady state in the enzyme system with substrate inhibition always corresponds to critical points at which dissipation is highest, regardless if the reaction is forced or not.Therefore, for the substrate inhibited reaction, maintenance of stable states is intrinsically related to level of dissipation.3

Modeling Mitochondrial Bioenergetics with Integrated Volume Dynamics

“…The intrinsic thermodynamic dissipation of a system can override or mitigate enzymatic regulation [40]. For example, in glutamate/malate energized mitochondria, αKGDH serves as a key regulatory enzyme responsible for maintaining sufficient NADH levels sustaining MVO 2 rates in state 2 and state 3.…”