Dissipation and Distribution of Herbicides in the Soil Profile

Weed, D. A. J.; Kanwar, Rameshwar S.; Stoltenberg, David E.; Pfeiffer, Richard

doi:10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400010010x

Cited by 64 publications

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“…Figs. 1 and 2 also confirmed previous conclusions that no consistent tillage effects were observed for drain flow and nitrate-N loss in drain flow in the long-term field study (Weed et al, 1995;Weed and Kanwar, 1996). Consistently, the results showed an increase in flow-weighted N concentration with increasing tillage intensity from NT to RT to CP to MP.…”

Section: Simulated and Measured Tillage Effectssupporting

confidence: 88%

RZWQM simulated effects of crop rotation, tillage, and controlled drainage on crop yield and nitrate-N loss in drain flow

Ma¹,

Malone²,

Heilman

et al. 2007

Geoderma

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Accurate simulation of agricultural management effects on N loss in tile drainage is vitally important for understanding hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. An experimental study was initiated in 1978 at Nashua, Iowa of the USA to study long-term effects of tillage, crop rotation, and N management practices on subsurface drainage flow and associated N losses. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was applied to evaluate various management effects in several previous studies. In this study, the simulation results were further analyzed for management effects (tillage, crop rotation, and controlled drainage) on crop production and N loss in drain flow. RZWQM simulated the observed increase in N concentration in drain flow with increasing tillage intensity from NT (no-till) to RT (ridge till) to CP (chisel plow) and to MP (moldboard plow). It also adequately simulated tillage effects on yearly drain flow and yearly N loss in drain flow. However, the model failed to simulate lower corn and soybean yields under NT than under MP, CP, and RT. On the other hand, RZWQM adequately simulated lower yearly drain flow and lower flow-weighted N concentration in drain flow under CS (corn-soybean) and SC (soybean-corn) than under CC (continuous corn). The model adequately simulated higher corn yield under CS and SC than under CC. Applying the newly suggested N management practice for the Midwest of controlled drainage, the model simulated a 30% reduction in drain flow and a 29% decrease in N losses in drain flow under controlled drainage (CD) compared to free drainage (FD). With most of the simulations in reasonably close agreement with observations, we concluded that RZWQM is a promising tool for quantifying the relative effects of tillage, crop rotation, and controlled drainage on N loss in drainage flow. Further improvements on simulated management effects on crop yield and N mineralization are needed, however. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractAccurate simulation of agricultural management effects on N loss in tile drainage is vitally important for understanding hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. An experimental study was initiated in 1978 at Nashua, Iowa of the USA to study long-term effects of tillage, crop rotation, and N management practices on subsurface drainage flow and associated N losses. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was applied to evaluate various management effects in several previous studies. In this study, the simulation results were further analyzed for management effects (tillage, crop rotation, and controlled drainage) on crop production and N loss in drain flow. RZWQM simulated the observed increase in N concentration in drain flow with increasing tillage intensity from NT (no-till) to RT (ridge till) to CP (chisel plow) and to MP (moldboard plow). It also adequately simulated tillage effects on yearly drain flow and yearly N loss in drain flow....

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Section: Simulated and Measured Tillage Effectssupporting

confidence: 88%

RZWQM simulated effects of crop rotation, tillage, and controlled drainage on crop yield and nitrate-N loss in drain flow

Ma¹,

Malone²,

Heilman

et al. 2007

Geoderma

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“…Contudo, a manutenção de palha sobre a superfície promove alterações que afetam a dinâmica dos herbicidas aplicados ao solo (Levanon et al, 1993;Weed et al, 1995;Ferri & Vidal, 2003). Assim, a permanência da cobertura sobre a superfície do solo pode, simultaneamente, reduzir o potencial de infestação da comunidade infestante, como também dificultar o desempenho de herbicidas, uma vez que os principais componentes da dinâmica de herbicidas na palha são a transposição do produto através desta e a própria dinâmica de molhamento e lavagem da palha pela água das chuvas (Maciel & Velini, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Persistência do herbicida S-metolachlor associado ao glyphosate ou paraquat em plantio direto

Nunes

Vidal

2008

Planta daninha

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RESUMO -A associação de herbicidas dessecantes com efeito residual é comum entre os agricultores no manejo das áreas sob semeadura direta. Essa prática permite a dessecação da cultura de inverno a ser utilizada como cobertura morta e, também, evita a reinfestação por plantas daninhas na cultura de verão durante parte de seu ciclo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a persistência do herbicida residual S-metolachlor, quando associado com os herbicidas dessecantes glyphosate ou paraquat, aplicados sobre cobertura vegetal. O trabalho foi realizado a campo na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA/UFRGS) e em câmara de crescimento da Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS, sob Argissolo Vermelho distrófico típico, contendo 28% de argila. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos distribuídos em parcelas subdivididas. Nas parcelas principais, foram alocados os herbicidas dessecantes paraquat (600 g ha -1 ) ou glyphosate (720 g ha -1 ) e, nas subparcelas, o herbicida residual S-metolachlor (2.800 g ha -1 ) associado ou aplicado seqüencialmente aos herbicidas dessecantes, além de uma testemunha contendo apenas herbicida dessecante, sem aplicação do herbicida residual. A persistência do S-metolachlor é maior na presença do paraquat do que na do glyphosate. Não há diferença entre aplicação simultânea e seqüencial dos herbicidas dessecantes e residuais.Palavras-chave: bioensaio, cinética de dissipação, meia-vida, residual.ABSTRACT -Non-selective and residual herbicides are commonly associated by farmers to manage no-tillage areas. This practice allows controlling the winter crop to be used as cover crop and to avoid weed reinfestation during part of the summer crop cycle. The objective of this work was to determine the persistence of the residual herbicide S metolachlor when associated to the nonselective herbicides paraquat and glyphosate. The work was carried out under field conditions at the Estação Experimental Agrônomica of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA/ UFRGS), and in a growth chamber of the Faculdade de Agronomia of the UFRGS under typical Dystrophic Red Argisol composed by 28% clay. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications, with the treatments distributed in split plots .The non-selective herbicides (paraquat, 600 g ha -1 or glyphosate 720 g ha -1 ) were applied in the main plots, and the residual herbicide S-metolachlor (2.800 g ha -1 ) in the sub plots, associated or sequentially applied with the non-selective herbicides, plus one control with only non-selective herbicides being applied. The persistence of S-metolachlor is higher in the presence of paraquat when compared to glyphosate. No difference was found between simultaneous and sequential applications of the non-selective and residual herbicides.

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“…A semeadura direta, devido à não mobilização do solo e à manutenção deste com cobertura de palha, eleva o conteúdo superficial de matéria orgânica e reduz as amplitudes de temperatura e umidade do solo. Em razão disso, incrementam-se a massa, a atividade microbiana e a biotransformação das molécu-las do herbicida no solo (Weed et al, 1995;Reddy et al, 1995). Outro aspecto que deve ser considerado é que as diferenças, entre ambientes, nas quantidades de palha encontradas nas coberturas também constituíram barreiras diferentes entre a pulverização e o solo.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Atividade residual de (imazethapyr+imazapic) para sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor) semeado em rotação com o arroz irrigado

Pinto

Noldin²,

Pinho³

et al. 2009

Planta daninha

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Palavras-chave: arroz-vermelho, arroz Clearfield ® , imidazolinonas, persistência no solo.ABSTRACT -The objective of this research was to evaluate the field persistence of the herbicide Only (imazethapyr+imazapic), to grain sorghum, planted in rotation after one, two or three years of Clearfield ® (CL) rice. The field study was carried out at Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Clearfield rice was established as the main crop, Italian ryegrass as a succession crop and grain sorghum, as a rotation crop after CL rice. Except for the first rice crop, all the other cultures were planted as no-till rice. Ryegrass plants were burned down in every experiment using glyphosate (760 g a.e. ha -1 ). The experimental design was a factorial with treatments arranged in a complete randomized design, with four replications, where factor A was the number of CL rice seasons and B was the herbicide rate. The rice cultivar was

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Dissipation and Distribution of Herbicides in the Soil Profile

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

RZWQM simulated effects of crop rotation, tillage, and controlled drainage on crop yield and nitrate-N loss in drain flow

RZWQM simulated effects of crop rotation, tillage, and controlled drainage on crop yield and nitrate-N loss in drain flow

Persistência do herbicida S-metolachlor associado ao glyphosate ou paraquat em plantio direto

Atividade residual de (imazethapyr+imazapic) para sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor) semeado em rotação com o arroz irrigado

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