Dissipation and detection of polaritons in the ultrastrong-coupling regime

Bamba, Motoaki; Ogawa, T.

doi:10.1103/physreva.86.063831

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(198 reference statements)

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“…A general approach to project the master equation on the coupled eigenbasis was then developed in Ref. [121] and it has been the subject of various other works [18,122,123,[128][129][130]. Numerical simulation of the resulting master equations can become computationally demanding for larger values of η, because the increasing number of virtual photons requires exponentially larger simulation cutoffs.…”

Section: Box 3 -Treating Open Quantum Systems In the Usc Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter

et al. 2019

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Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter has, in the past decade, transitioned from theoretical idea to experimental reality. It is a new regime of quantum light-matter interaction, going beyond weak and strong coupling to make the coupling strength comparable to the transition frequencies in the system. The achievement of weak and strong coupling has led to increased control of quantum systems and applications like lasers, quantum sensing, and quantum information processing. Here we review the theory of quantum systems with ultrastrong coupling, which includes entangled ground states with virtual excitations, new avenues for nonlinear optics, and connections to several important physical models. We also review the multitude of experimental setups, including superconducting circuits, organic molecules, semiconductor polaritons, and optomechanics, that now have achieved ultrastrong coupling. We then discuss the many potential applications that these achievements enable in physics and chemistry.

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Section: Box 3 -Treating Open Quantum Systems In the Usc Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach was initially introduced for the USC regime in Ref. [131], and further developed in following works [128,132,133]. Although applicable only to bosonic quadratic Hamiltonians, this approach has the advantage of being non-perturbative.…”

Section: Box 3 -Treating Open Quantum Systems In the Usc Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter

et al. 2019

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“…However, the degree of excitation can be decreased with the decrease of the dissipation rate κ m [17]. Then, if κ m is small enough compared to the typical frequencies of cavity polariton system (such as Ω cav m , ω ex , and g m ), we can justify the RWA on the systemenvironment coupling with respect to the eigen-states (polariton operators) [15,16].…”

Section: Quantitative Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when we simply suppose the standard expression (1), we encounter a delicate but elemental problem: Even if the outside is the vacuum (bath at zero temperature), since the virtual photons inside the cavity can escape to the outside, the polariton system is inevitably excited [17]. While Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System-environment coupling derived by Maxwell's boundary conditions from the weak to the ultrastrong light-matter-coupling regime

Bamba

Ogawa

2013

Phys. Rev. A

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In the standard theory of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), coupling between photons inside and outside a cavity (cavity system and environment) is given conserving the total number of photons. However, when the cavity photons (ultrastrongly) interact with atoms or excitations in matters, the system-environment coupling must be determined from a more fundamental viewpoint. Based on the Maxwell's boundary conditions in the QED theory for dielectric media, we derive the quantum Langevin equation and input-output relation, in which the total number of polaritons (not photons) inside the cavity and photons outside is conserved.

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“…In the light-matter ultrastrong coupling (USC) regime many usually safe approximations fail and it is thus necessary to pay great attention when studying this nonperturbative interaction regime. In particular, neglecting the light-matter interaction while calculating the systemenvironment coupling in the USC regime can lead to wrong or unphysical results [2][3][4].…”

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Comment on “System-environment coupling derived by Maxwell's boundary conditions from the weak to the ultrastrong light-matter-coupling regime”

Liberato

2014

Phys. Rev. A

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In a recent work [1], Bamba and Ogawa developed a microscopic model describing the field of a photonic cavity coupled to a matter exciton-like resonance. One of the results they obtain studying such a model is that, in the ultrastrong coupling regime, usually safe approaches can give wrong results for the dissipation rates of the polaritonic excitations. In particular the dissipation rates calculated applying the rotating wave approximation on the system-environment coupling qualitatively differ from the ones calculated using a microscopic theory based on the quantum electrodynamics for dielectric media. Here I show that this result is an artifact, caused by an inconsistent application of the rotating wave approximation and by a questionable parameter choice.In the light-matter ultrastrong coupling (USC) regime many usually safe approximations fail and it is thus necessary to pay great attention when studying this nonperturbative interaction regime. In particular, neglecting the light-matter interaction while calculating the systemenvironment coupling in the USC regime can lead to wrong or unphysical results [2][3][4].A simple way to study open quantum systems in the USC regime is to apply the rotating wave approximation (RWA) on the system-environment coupling in the dressed states basis. In this way positive and negative frequency excitations do not mix and the global ground state is the product of the systems and environments ground states [4,5]. Until now no work had addressed the important question of the reliability and generality of such an approach.In Ref.[1] the authors developed a microscopic model describing a photonic cavity filled with infinite-mass oscillators. Using Maxwell boundary conditions (MBC) they calculated the lifetimes of the cavity eigenmodes due to the finite reflectivity of one of the mirrors, as a function of the strength of the light-matter coupling. The microscopic calculation proves that the lack of positive and negative frequency mixing is not a simplification imposed by the RWA but it emerges naturally when one considers in a consistent way a microscopic theory based on the quantum electrodynamics for dielectric media. One of the consequences of such a theory is that in the USC regime the dissipation rates calculated using MBC differ qualitatively from the ones obtained using the usual system-environment RWA approach. This result is very surprising and, if true, it could have a major impact on future investigations on USC physics, as it would imply that in this regime the system observables can critically depend on microscopic details. The bottom panel of Fig. 2 in Ref.[1], replicated here in the panel (a) of Fig. 1, shows the dissipation rates for a resonant cavity mode, calculated using the MBC approach compared with the ones calculated using the RWA. They clearly differ in two main regards: (I) the values given by the RWA are up to one order of magnitude larger that the MBC ones and (II) the MBC gives larger losses for the lower polariton, while the RWA for the upper one.In ...

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Dissipation and detection of polaritons in the ultrastrong-coupling regime

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter

Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter

System-environment coupling derived by Maxwell's boundary conditions from the weak to the ultrastrong light-matter-coupling regime

Comment on “System-environment coupling derived by Maxwell's boundary conditions from the weak to the ultrastrong light-matter-coupling regime”

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