Dissimilatory Sulfate- and Sulfur-Reducing Prokaryotes

Rabus, Ralf; Hansen, Theo A.; Widdel, Friedrich

doi:10.1007/0-387-30742-7_22

Cited by 266 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 826 publications

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“…However, we ruled out this possibility by showing the near 4:1 stoichiometry of sulfide produced to acetate consumed and the absence of detectable sulfate production. Hitherto, this type of sulfidogenesis was described for a very limited number of non-halophilic anaerobic acetateoxidizing bacterial species (Rabus et al, 2006). In all organisms of this functional group characterized to date, acetate is activated via ATP-dependent acetyl-CoA synthase and oxidized via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with the Sud protein of W. succinogenes, which has one sulfur-binding domain and needs dimerization to achieve high substrate affinity (Klimmek et al, 1998;Rabus et al, 2006), the HSR2 sulfurtransferase contains two homologous domains. This feature might be especially important during the early growth phase of the HSR2 cells when sulfide concentration is in the micromolar range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental sulfur and acetate can support life of a novel strictly anaerobic haloarchaeon

et al. 2015

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Archaea domain is comprised of many versatile taxa that often colonize extreme habitats. Here, we report the discovery of strictly anaerobic extremely halophilic euryarchaeon, capable of obtaining energy by dissimilatory reduction of elemental sulfur using acetate as the only electron donor and forming sulfide and CO 2 as the only products. This type of respiration has never been observed in hypersaline anoxic habitats and is the first example of such metabolic capability in the entire Archaea domain. We isolated and cultivated these unusual organisms, selecting one representative strain, HSR2, for detailed characterization. Our studies including physiological tests, genome sequencing, gene expression, metabolomics and [ 14 C]-bicarbonate assimilation assays revealed that HSR2 oxidized acetate completely via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Anabolic assimilation of acetate occurred via activated glyoxylate bypass and anaplerotic carboxylation. HSR2 possessed sulfurtransferase and an array of membrane-bound polysulfide reductase genes, all of which were expressed during the growth. Our findings suggest the biogeochemical contribution of haloarchaea in hypersaline anoxic environments must be reconsidered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental sulfur and acetate can support life of a novel strictly anaerobic haloarchaeon

et al. 2015

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“…6D; (14). The mechanisms of VFA utilization by SRB have been reviewed elsewhere (26) and have suggested reasons for acetate accumulation by complete oxidizers (SRB that convert their organic substrates to CO 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Oxidation of Volatile Fatty Acids by Sulfate- and Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria from an Oil Field in Argentina

Grigoryan

Cornish

Buziak

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Acetate, propionate, and butyrate, collectively referred to as volatile fatty acids (VFA), are considered among the most important electron donors for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and heterotrophic nitrate-reducing bacteria (hNRB) in oil fields. Samples obtained from a field in the Neuquén Basin, western Argentina, had significant activity of mesophilic SRB, hNRB, and nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB). In microcosms, containing VFA (3 mM each) and excess sulfate, SRB first used propionate and butyrate for the production of acetate, which reached concentrations of up to 12 mM prior to being used as an electron donor for sulfate reduction. In contrast, hNRB used all three organic acids with similar kinetics, while reducing nitrate to nitrite and nitrogen. Transient inhibition of VFA-utilizing SRB was observed with 0.5 mM nitrite and permanent inhibition with concentrations of 1 mM or more. The addition of nitrate to medium flowing into an upflow, packed-bed bioreactor with an established VFA-oxidizing SRB consortium led to a spike of nitrite up to 3 mM. The nitrite-mediated inhibition of SRB led, in turn, to the transient accumulation of up to 13 mM of acetate. The complete utilization of nitrate and the incomplete utilization of VFA, especially propionate, and sulfate indicated that SRB remained partially inhibited. Hence, in addition to lower sulfide concentrations, an increase in the concentration of acetate in the presence of sulfate in waters produced from an oil field subjected to nitrate injection may indicate whether the treatment is successful. The microbial community composition in the bioreactor, as determined by culturing and culture-independent techniques, indicated shifts with an increasing fraction of nitrate. With VFA and sulfate, the SRB genera Desulfobotulus, Desulfotignum, and Desulfobacter as well as the sulfur-reducing Desulfuromonas and the NR-SOB Arcobacter were detected. With VFA and nitrate, Pseudomonas spp. were present. hNRB/NR-SOB from the genus Sulfurospirillum were found under all conditions.

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“…Here we find most denitrifiers (Shapleigh, 2006) and most (nonthermophilic) sulfate, sulfur and metal ion reducers (Rabus et al, 2006). Some types of metabolism are widespread in the phylogenetic tree of the Bacteria (e.g.…”

Section: What Is Anaerobic Respiration?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Anaerobic Respiration

Oren¹

2009

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Many prokaryotes, Bacteria as well as Archaea, can obtain energy for growth in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic respiration. In this process, electrons are transferred to electron acceptors such as nitrate, sulfate, elemental sulfur, carbon dioxide, oxidized metal ions such as Fe(III) and Mn(IV) and a range of other compounds including fumarate, dimethylsulfoxide, trimethylamine N ‐oxide, arsenate and selenate. In all these processes, respiratory electron transport is coupled to the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient and the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Anaerobic respiration processes are seldom encountered in eukaryotic organisms. Anaerobic respiration has an important impact on the cycle of matter in nature, including processes such as denitrification (dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite to gaseous nitrogen), dissimilatory sulfate reduction with the formation of sulfide, the formation of methane and acetate from carbon dioxide and different processes in the biogeochemical cycles of metals. Key concepts When oxygen is not available for respiration many prokaryotes can use alternative electron acceptors to obtain energy by respiration. Anaerobic respiration is widespread in the two domains of prokaryotes: the Bacteria and the Archaea. Some prokaryotes can perform both aerobic and anaerobic respiration; others are obligate anaerobes that cannot use oxygen as electron acceptor for respiration. Denitrification, or dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to gaseous nitrogen, is an important process in the global nitrogen cycle. In anaerobic environments sulfate serves as terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to sulfide, giving rise to both the formation of metal sulfides in sediments and the evolution of hydrogen sulfide gas. Carbon dioxide is used as terminal electron acceptor by methanogenic Archaea for energy generation, yielding methane as final product and by different groups of prokaryotes to produce acetate. Anaerobic respiration processes are involved in a wide range of reactions involving oxidized ions of metals (iron, manganese, chromium, uranium and others) and metalloids (arsenic, selenium). Anaerobic respiration has important economic implications, both favourable (e.g. conversion of bound nitrogen to nitrogen gas in water purification plants) and unfavourable (e.g. loss of available nitrogen in agricultural soils, corrosion of steel pipes mediated by sulfate‐reducing bacteria).

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Dissimilatory Sulfate- and Sulfur-Reducing Prokaryotes

Cited by 266 publications

References 826 publications

Elemental sulfur and acetate can support life of a novel strictly anaerobic haloarchaeon

Elemental sulfur and acetate can support life of a novel strictly anaerobic haloarchaeon

Competitive Oxidation of Volatile Fatty Acids by Sulfate- and Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria from an Oil Field in Argentina

Anaerobic Respiration

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