Dissimilatory nitrate reduction in fungi under conditions of hypoxia and anoxia: A review

Морозкина, Е. В.; Кураков, А. В.

doi:10.1134/s0003683807050079

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The capacity for nitrate respiration is widespread among bacteria, fungi, and other eukaryotic organisms (Morozkina and Kurakov, 2007). Details of the denitrification pathway have been studied in fungi and bacteria (see previous paragraphs).…”

Section: Metabolic Energy Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous reports have demonstrated the presence of two main pathways for denitrification; one is localized in the mitochondrion and usually occurs under low O 2 conditions, while the other, often referred to as ammonia fermentation, is localized in the cytosol (Zhou et al, 2001; Takasaki et al, 2004; Morozkina and Kurakov, 2007; Figure 7 ). The latter pathway appears to be activated under strict anoxic conditions and involves reduction of nitrate to ammonia using reductant generated by the catabolic oxidation of ethanol (the donor of electrons) to acetate, which is coupled to SLP.…”

Section: Metabolic Energy Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae

Catalanotti¹,

Yang²,

Posewitz³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

112

107

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Fermentation or anoxic metabolism allows unicellular organisms to colonize environments that become anoxic. Free-living unicellular algae capable of a photoautotrophic lifestyle can also use a range of metabolic circuitry associated with different branches of fermentation metabolism. While algae that perform mixed-acid fermentation are widespread, the use of anaerobic respiration is more typical of eukaryotic heterotrophs. The occurrence of a core set of fermentation pathways among the algae provides insights into the evolutionary origins of these pathways, which were likely derived from a common ancestral eukaryote. Based on genomic, transcriptomic, and biochemical studies, anaerobic energy metabolism has been examined in more detail in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) than in any other photosynthetic protist. This green alga is metabolically flexible and can sustain energy generation and maintain cellular redox balance under a variety of different environmental conditions. Fermentation metabolism in Chlamydomonas appears to be highly controlled, and the flexible use of the different branches of fermentation metabolism has been demonstrated in studies of various metabolic mutants. Additionally, when Chlamydomonas ferments polysaccharides, it has the ability to eliminate part of the reductant (to sustain glycolysis) through the production of H2, a molecule that can be developed as a source of renewable energy. To date, little is known about the specific role(s) of the different branches of fermentation metabolism, how photosynthetic eukaryotes sense changes in environmental O2 levels, and the mechanisms involved in controlling these responses, at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this review, we focus on fermentation metabolism in Chlamydomonas and other protists, with only a brief discussion of plant fermentation when relevant, since it is thoroughly discussed in other articles in this volume.

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Section: Metabolic Energy Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Energy Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae

Catalanotti¹,

Yang²,

Posewitz³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

112

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Canonical microbial denitrification refers to the process of respiratory nitrate reduction (also called dissimilatory nitrate reduction) accompanying the oxidation of an electron donor (e.g., organic matter) that ultimately produces molecular N (N 2 ) through a series of less oxidized intermediate N oxide products [i.e., nitrite (NO 2 À ), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O)]. Respiratory nitrate reduction is performed primarily by heterotrophic bacteria, although denitrifiers are now known in all main microbial phylogenetic groups, including some bacterial autotrophs and archaeal denitrifiers (Cabello et al, 2004), foraminifera (Pina-Ochoa et al, 2010) and fungi (Morozkina and Kurakov, 2007). There is strong regulation of the expression of genes encoding the enzymes responsible for heterotrophic denitrification (hereafter, denitrification unless specified otherwise) and the transporter(s) involved in uptake and efflux of denitrification substrates and intermediate products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reduced isotope fractionation by denitrification under conditions relevant to the ocean

Kritee

Sigman

Granger

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

139

146

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“…Extensive work has been done on the anaerobic energy metabolism of the soil-dwelling fungal pathogen of plants Fusarium oxysporum; related ascomycete species such as Cylindrocarpon tonkinense and Aspergillus nidulans have also been studied in depth. Details of the denitrification pathway of Fusarium have largely been worked out (248,341,486,513,573). Deni-…”

Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry and Evolution of Anaerobic Energy Metabolism in Eukaryotes

Müller

Mentel

Hellemond

et al. 2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

686

904

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SUMMARY Major insights into the phylogenetic distribution, biochemistry, and evolutionary significance of organelles involved in ATP synthesis (energy metabolism) in eukaryotes that thrive in anaerobic environments for all or part of their life cycles have accrued in recent years. All known eukaryotic groups possess an organelle of mitochondrial origin, mapping the origin of mitochondria to the eukaryotic common ancestor, and genome sequence data are rapidly accumulating for eukaryotes that possess anaerobic mitochondria, hydrogenosomes, or mitosomes. Here we review the available biochemical data on the enzymes and pathways that eukaryotes use in anaerobic energy metabolism and summarize the metabolic end products that they generate in their anaerobic habitats, focusing on the biochemical roles that their mitochondria play in anaerobic ATP synthesis. We present metabolic maps of compartmentalized energy metabolism for 16 well-studied species. There are currently no enzymes of core anaerobic energy metabolism that are specific to any of the six eukaryotic supergroup lineages; genes present in one supergroup are also found in at least one other supergroup. The gene distribution across lineages thus reflects the presence of anaerobic energy metabolism in the eukaryote common ancestor and differential loss during the specialization of some lineages to oxic niches, just as oxphos capabilities have been differentially lost in specialization to anoxic niches and the parasitic life-style. Some facultative anaerobes have retained both aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Diversified eukaryotic lineages have retained the same enzymes of anaerobic ATP synthesis, in line with geochemical data indicating low environmental oxygen levels while eukaryotes arose and diversified.

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Dissimilatory nitrate reduction in fungi under conditions of hypoxia and anoxia: A review

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae

Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae

Reduced isotope fractionation by denitrification under conditions relevant to the ocean

Biochemistry and Evolution of Anaerobic Energy Metabolism in Eukaryotes

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