Dissemination of organism-bearing droplets by high-speed dental drills

Travaglini, Edmund A.; Larato, Dominick C.; Martin, Albert

doi:10.1016/0022-3913(66)90120-x

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The bacterial count was increased during the cavity preparation [32,35] and the length of the procedure was proportional to the amount expelled [35]. These findings drew attention to the possibility of cross-infection of airborne diseases when using high speed hand pieces [36][37][38]. As mentioned in the introduction section there is a positive correlation between indoor PM2.5 (<2.5 µm) and the presence of bronchitis and asthmatic symptoms [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality in a Dental Clinic during Er:YAG Laser Usage for Cavity Preparation on Human Teeth—An Ex-Vivo Study

Karveli¹,

Tzoutzas

Raptis

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Chemical air pollution in dental clinics consists of the emission of gases and particulate matter (PM), both generated by dental equipment and tooth tissues. One basic application of Erbium Laser devices is cavity preparation on human teeth due to its strong affinity to water and hydroxyapatite. The objective of this study was the evaluation of indoor air quality during the application of an Er:YAG laser, as a dentin removal instrument, in a Dental Clinic. Particulate Matter (PM) was measured using the standard method of EN legislation. In order to measure total Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs), a portable monitor was used. In the first experiment, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were increased by approximately 10 and 15 times, respectively. From the second experiment it can be concluded that neither of the measured particle concentrations exceeded the recommended indoor limit values while windows were open, although laser influence was still detectable. Within the limitations applied herein, it was found that Er:YAG laser activity for hard dental tissue removal was associated with high PM and TVOCs concentration values in the working environment, under insufficient or no ventilation. Physical ventilation in the aforementioned setting proved to be an important key factor in improving air quality, as both PM and TVOCs concentrations decreased significantly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality in a Dental Clinic during Er:YAG Laser Usage for Cavity Preparation on Human Teeth—An Ex-Vivo Study

Karveli¹,

Tzoutzas

Raptis

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…As both immunosuppressed and infected patients may be treated in a multichair dental clinic, my data raise the question of whether all patients should be treated in closed operatories rather than in the wide-open clinics commonly found in dental schools. My investigation differed from previous investigations (5,8,10,12,14) in that the numbers of microbes in dental aerosols were determined by using a slit type of biological air sampler and culture plates were incubated in an anaerobic chamber. Anaerobic conditions were used because this study was designed to quantify oral bacteria.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In previous studies, investigators have described increases in bacterial air contamination following dental treatments in closed dental operatories (5,8,10,12,14). However, in most of these studies the researchers used procedures or conditions that were not ideal for accurate quantification of bacterial aerosols arising from oral cavities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in two different dental clinic environments

Grenier

1995

Appl Environ Microbiol

117

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Microbial aerosols are generated during dental treatments and may represent an important source of infection. This study was designed to quantify bacterial air contamination during dental treatments in both a closed dental operatory and a multichair dental clinic. Air was sampled by using a slit type of biological air sampler. Following air sampling, blood-supplemented Trypticase soy agar plates were incubated at 37؇C under anaerobic conditions for 7 days. The maximum levels of air contamination in the closed dental operatory were observed while dental treatments were being performed (four trials; 216 ؎ 75 CFU/m 3 for ultrasonic scaling treatments and 75 ؎ 22 CFU/m 3 for operative treatments). At 2 h after completion of the treatments, the bacterial counts were about the same as the pretreatment levels (12 to 14 CFU/m 3). In the second part of the study, a multichair dental clinic was divided into four areas, and air contamination was monitored at each site. Three sites were located in active dental treatment areas, whereas no dental treatments were performed within an 11-m radius of the fourth site. At 3 h after the beginning of dental treatments, the highest bacterial counts were obtained in the three active dental treatment areas (76 to 114 CFU/m 3). However, there was noticeable contamination in the inactive dental treatment area (42 CFU/m 3). Thus, bacterial aerosols were able to spread into areas where there was no dental activity. My data show that dental treatments significantly increased the levels of bacterial air contamination in both a closed dental operatory and a multichair dental clinic. Whether such levels of contamination have any influence on infection rates is not known.

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“…[10] At a normal working distance, there is no area of safety from organism carrying droplets. [11] and bacteria may remain in suspension in the air for up to half minute . [12] There is a risk that the protective mechanisms of the eye may be overwhelmed by such high concentrations of pathogen.. [10] In developing countries, it has been observed that the level of knowledge regarding eye diseases in general is inadequate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Awareness and Knowledge of Emergency Nurses Working at Majorhospitals of Ministry of Health in Taif City Regarding Conjunctivitis.

Alharthi¹,

AlQarni²,

Althagafi³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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Background:-Conjunctivitis (red eye) is one of common eye disorders presented to Emergency Department. It is an infectious disease in most cases and can be transmitted within the emergency department between nurses and patients. Awareness and knowledge of any disease especially infectious type play important role in prevention of occurrence such this disease. Objectives:-To assesses awareness and knowledge of causes, signs and symptoms of red eyes (conjunctivitis) and its associated factors among emergency nurses. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study included all nurses representing different nationalities and both genders working at Emergency departments of major hospitals of Ministry of Health in Taif-city. The study was carried out at the largest two general hospitals in Taifcity, belonging to Ministry of health namely King Faisal and King Abdul-Aziz specialized hospitals. The study was carried out throughout the period October-November, 2016. Data were collected through a valid self-report questionnaire. Results:-One hundred and fifty-one nurses out of 201, responded by completing the questionnaire with a response rate of 75.1%.The age of them ranged between 22 and 50 years with a mean±SD of 32.1±5.0 years. Most of them (84.1%) were females. Almost two thirds of nurses were non-Saudis (70.9%). As regard etiology of conjunctivitis, themost known were microbial organisms such asbacteria/viruses (88.7%) while the least known were ocular trauma (41.7%). Regarding signs and symptoms, the most correctly recognized was eye turn reddish (92.7%) while the least recognized was blurred vision (49.7%). Collectively, 37.7%, 27.3% and 23.8% of nurses had insufficient knowledge regarding conjunctivitis causes, signs/symptoms and overall, respectively Conclusion:-Knowledge of red eye (conjunctivitis) among emergency nurses is insufficient particularly regarding its etiology. Therefore, inorder to control infection in emergency room, their education in this regard is highly recommended.

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Dissemination of organism-bearing droplets by high-speed dental drills

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Air Quality in a Dental Clinic during Er:YAG Laser Usage for Cavity Preparation on Human Teeth—An Ex-Vivo Study

Air Quality in a Dental Clinic during Er:YAG Laser Usage for Cavity Preparation on Human Teeth—An Ex-Vivo Study

Quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in two different dental clinic environments

Awareness and Knowledge of Emergency Nurses Working at Majorhospitals of Ministry of Health in Taif City Regarding Conjunctivitis.

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